重庆市轨道交通企业噪声作业人员职业健康检查结果分析

Analysis on occupational health examination results of workers exposed to noise in rail transit enterprise of Chongqing

目的了解重庆市轨道交通企业噪声作业人员职业健康状况,为重庆市轨道交通企业开展噪声作业人员职业健康保护工作提供参考。方法于2020年11—12月选取重庆市轨道交通企业参加在岗期间职业健康检查的噪声作业人员为研究对象,收集包括检维修人员和驾驶员在内的1957名噪声作业人员在岗期间职业健康检查资料,测量重庆市轨道交通企业各岗位噪声8 h等效A声级进行统计学分析。结果检维修人员检出疑似职业性噪声聋3例,噪声职业禁忌证15例;驾驶员检出听力职业禁忌证12例,血压职业禁忌证3例。异常检出率列前3位的项目依次是听力(20.8%)、血压(10.9%)和心电图(10.6%),听力异常以高频听力异常为主。检维修人员听力和血压异常检出率高于驾驶员(P<0.05);噪声作业人员听力、血压和心电图异常检出率随年龄和工龄的增长呈逐渐升高趋势(P<0.01);左、右耳听力异常检出率随频率的升高而增加(P<0.01)。结论噪声对重庆市轨道交通作业人员的健康影响不容忽视,应加强噪声作业尤其是检维修岗位的噪声危害防控措施。驾驶员应将职业机动车驾驶作业和噪声同时纳入职业健康监护范围,以早期发现听力损害。

Objective To understand the occupational health status of the noise-exposed workers in rail transit enterprise of Chongqing,provide reference for the enterprise to carry out occupational health protection among noise-exposed workers.Methods From November to December 2020,the noise-exposed workers who participated in the on-the-job occupational health examination in rail transit enterprise of Chongqing were selected as the research objects.The data of occupational health examination of 1957 noise-exposed workers including maintenance personnel and drivers were collected,and the 8 h equivalent A sound level of noise in each position in rail transit enterprise of Chongqing were measured and analyzed statistically.Results Among maintenance personnel,there were 3 cases of suspected occupational noise-induced deafness diseases and 15 cases of noise occupational contraindication.Among drivers,there were 12 cases of occupational contraindication of hearing and 3 cases of blood pressure occupational contraindication.The top three items in the abnormal rate were hearing(20.8%),blood pressure(10.9%)and electrocardiogram(10.6%).The abnormal hearing mainly manifested high-frequency hearing abnormality.The detection rate of abnormal hearing and blood pressure in maintenance personnel were higher than those in drivers(P<0.05).The detection rates of abnormal hearing,blood pressure and electrocardiogram of noise-exposed workers gradually increased with age and working age(P<0.01).With the increase of frequency,the detection rates of abnormal hearing in both left and right ears increased(P<0.01).Conclusions The impact of noise on the health of workers in rail transit enterprise of Chongqing should not be ignored,and it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control measures of noise hazard in noise operation,especially in inspection and maintenance positions.The occupational motor vehicle driving and noise should be included in the scope of occupational health monitoring for drivers,so as to detect hearing abnormality early.