职业性危害因素暴露工人焦虑、抑郁状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on status and influencing factors of anxiety and depression in works exposed to occupational hazard factors

目的 探讨职业性危害因素暴露工人焦虑、抑郁状况及影响因素。方法 2021年11-12月,随机抽取在长沙市疾病预防控制中心健康检查的490名职业性危害因素暴露工人,采用自编的一般资料调查表、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、流调用抑郁自评量表(the center for epidemiological studies depression scale,CES-D)进行问卷调查。结果 SAS总分为(40.16±7.21)分,无焦虑症状者442人(90.2%),有焦虑症状者48人(9.8%),其中轻度焦虑47人(9.6%),中度焦虑1人(0.2%);CES-D总分为(10.68±7.35)分,无抑郁症状者383人(78.2%),有抑郁症状者107人(21.8%),其中可能抑郁41人(8.4%),肯定抑郁66人(13.5%)。不同文化程度、吸烟指数、患慢性疾病情况、轮班情况、每周休息情况及月收入水平的工人焦虑得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟指数、轮班情况及月收入水平的工人抑郁得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,工人的SAS得分与患慢性疾病呈正相关(r=0.096,P<0.05),与每周休息、月收入水平呈负相关(r=-0.097、-0.142,均P<0.05);工人的CES-D得分与轮班情况呈正相关(r=0.114,P<0.05),与婚姻状况、月收入水平呈负相关(r=-0.095、-0.093,均P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,轮班情况和月收入水平是焦虑和抑郁的影响因素(均P<0.05),且两者联合对焦虑、抑郁总得分的解释率分别为4.5%、3.0%。结论 职业性危害因素暴露工人总体焦虑和抑郁发生率较低,总体心理状况良好。文化程度越高、吸烟指数越大、长期夜班、月收入水平越低人群的焦虑、抑郁水平越严重。

Objective To investigate the anxiety and depression of workers exposed to occupational hazards and their influencing factors. Methods From November to December 2021,a total of 490 workers exposed to occupational hazards were randomly selected from health examination conducted by Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The self-compiled general data questionnaire,the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and the center for epidemiological studies depression scale(CES-D) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey. Results The total score of SAS was(40.16±7.21)points,442(90.2%) had no anxiety symptoms,48(9.8%) had anxiety symptoms,of which 47(9.6%) had mild anxiety and 1(0.2%) had moderate anxiety. The total score of CES-D was( 10. 68 ± 7. 35) points, 383( 78. 2 %) had depressive symptoms,107(21.8%) had depressive symptoms,including 41(8.4%) with possible depression,66(13.5%) with definite depression.There were statistically significant differences in anxiety scores among workers with different education levels,smoking index,chronic diseases,shift status,weeklyrest status and monthly income level(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in depression scores among workers with different education levels,marital status,smoking index,shift status and monthly income level(all P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that workers’ SAS scoreswere positively correlated with chronic diseases(r=0.096,P<0.05),negatively correlated with weekly rest and monthly income( r =-0. 097,-0. 142, both P < 0. 05).The CES-D scores of workers were positively correlated with shift status(r=0.114,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with marital status and monthly income(r =-0.095,-0.093,both P <0.05).The multiple linear regression analysis showed thatshift work and monthly income were the influencing factors of anxiety and depression(all P<0.05),and the combination of the two accounted for 4.5% and 3.0% of the total score of anxiety and depression respectively. Conclusions The workers exposed to occupational hazards had a low incidence of anxiety and depression,and their overall psychological status is good.The higher the education level,the higher the smoking index,the longer the night shift,the lower the monthly income level,the more serious the anxiety and depression level.