常态化疫情防控应急队护士心理健康状况及相关因素研究

A study on mental health status and related factors of nurses in emergency response team for normalized epidemic prevention and control

目的 探讨常态化疫情防控应急队护士的心理复原力、抑郁、焦虑及躯体症状情况,并分析相关影响因素,为应急人员储备及心理保障措施提供理论参考。方法 本研究采用方便抽样法,于2022年1-3月,选取西安市某三级甲等医院符合纳入标准的常态化疫情防控应急队护士为调查对象,采用自行设计的一般资料调查表、心理复原力量表、GAD-7、PHQ-9及PHQ-15进行调查研究。结果 获取有效问卷401份,问卷的有效回收率为97.8%。401名护士心理复原力量表得分为(54.32±18.14)分;焦虑的检出率为37.4%,抑郁的检出率为33.9%,躯体症状的检出率为51.1%;采用Spearman相关分析法进行相关分析,研究结果显示,焦虑、抑郁、躯体症状与心理复原力各维度得分均呈负相关,r值为-0.228~-0.303(均P<0.01);回归分析显示,加入方式、疫情应急任务经验、对任务时长和居住问题的担忧程度是护士心理复原力的主要影响因素。结论 常态化疫情防控应急队护士存在焦虑、抑郁的症状,且躯体症状较严重需及时、有效的干预;指派加入、无疫情应急任务经验、对任务时长和居住问题越担忧的护士心理复原力越低,因此,调动护士加入疫情防应急队的自主性、提升应急能力和提高对应急任务的知晓程度可能为提高心理复原力的有效策略。

Objective To explore the psychological resilience,depression,anxiety and physical symptoms of nurses in the normalized epidemic prevention and control emergency team,analyze the relevant influencing factors,and provide theoretical reference for emergency personnel reserve and psychological protection measures. Methods From January to March 2022,the convenience sampling method was used to select thenurses who met the inclusion criteria from the normalized epidemic prevention and control emergency teamin a grade-A tertiary hospital in Xi’an City as the survey objects. The self-designed general information questionnaire,Connor Davidson psychological resilience scale,GAD-7,PHQ-9 and PHQ-15 were used for the investigation. Results 401 valid questionnaires were obtained,and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 97.8%.The score of psychological resilience scale of 401 nurses was(54.32±18.14)points. The detection rate of anxiety was 37.4%,the detection rate of depression was 33.9%,and the detection rate of somatic symptoms was 51.1%. Spearman correlation analysis method was used for correlation analysis,and the results showed that anxiety,depression were somatic symptoms negatively correlated with the scores of each dimension of psychological resilience,with r value of-0.228--0.303(all P<0.01).The regression analysis showed that the way of joining,the experience of emergency tasks in the epidemic,the degree of worry about the length of the task and the housing issues were the main influencing factors of the psychological resilience of nurses. Conclusions The nurses of the normalized epidemic prevention and control emergency team have symptoms of anxiety and depression,and the physical symptoms are more serious and need timely and effective intervention. The nurses who are assigned to join,have no experience in emergency response tasks,and are more worried about task duration and housing issues have lower psychological resilience.Therefore,it is necessary to mobilize nurses to join the epidemic prevention and emergency response team,improve their emergency response capabilities,and improve their awareness of emergency tasks,which are the effective strategies for improving psychological resilience.