2016-2020年乌鲁木齐市某饮料厂接触噪声和/或高温作业人员职业健康监护状况调查

Survey on occupational health surveillance of workers exposed to noise and high temperature in a beverage factory in Urumqi from 2016-2020

目的 分析2016-2020年乌鲁木齐市某饮料厂接触噪声和/或高温作业人员的职业健康监护状况,为同类型企业同类岗位开展有效的职业健康干预提供参考依据。方法 采用整群抽样和回顾性队列研究设计方法,连续性监测和收集2016-2020年乌鲁木齐市某饮料厂接触噪声和/或高温作业人员每年1次的的职业健康检查结果及行为问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 2015年通过上岗前职业健康检查,检查合格进入调查队列的共计288人,平均年龄(21.99±2.17)岁。连续5年的监测累积检出职业禁忌证者61人,主要以听力异常为主,检出率15.97%。5年职业禁忌证和听力异常检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),趋势性检验呈逐年升高特点。心电图异常检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),检出率由2016年的1.39%升至2020年的7.11%。规范个体防护与否人群的听力异常的检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),未规范个体防护者听力异常检出率(28.13%)明显高于规范个体防护者(10.92%)。经常使用耳机与否对听力异常和血糖增高的检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),经常使用耳机者听力异常(28.33%)和血糖增高(13.33%)的检出率明显高于不经常使用耳机者(8.00%和4.67%)。经常使用耳机者职业健康检查总体指标异常检出率(57.50%)明显高于不经常使用耳机者(30.67%)。结论 2016-2020年乌鲁木齐市某饮料厂接触噪声和/或高温作业人员的职业健康监护状况不容乐观,应加强对职业人群的连续性职业健康监护工作,做好职业健康监测和随访管理,提高防护依从性和日常行为规范,有效规避职业性疾病的发生风险。

Objective To analyze the occupational health surveillance of workers exposed to noise and/or high temperature in a beverage factory in Urumqi for five consecutive years from 2016-2020,provide reference for effective occupational health intervention in similar positions of the same type of enterprises. Methods The cluster sampling and retrospective cohort study design were used to continuously monitor and collect the annual occupational health examination results and behavioral questionnaires among workers exposed to noise and/or high temperature in a beverage factory in Urumqi from 2016-2020,and the data were analyzed.Results The pre-work occupational health examination was performed in 2015,and 288 workers with qualified health examina-tion results entered the investigation queue, with the average age of( 21. 99 ± 2. 17) years old. For five consecutive years,61 workers with occupational contrain dications were detected and about 15.97% was hearing abnormalities.There were statistical-ly significant in the detection rates of occupational contrain dications and hearing abnormalities among five years(all P <0.05),and the trend test showed an increasing trend year by year. There was statistically significant in the ECG abnormal detection rate,and the detection rate increased from 1.39% in 2016 to 7.11% in 2020(P<0.05).There was statistically significant in the detection rate of hearing abnormalities(P <0.05) between the workers with and without standardize individual protection,and the detection rate of hearing abnormalities in workers with non-standardize individual protection(28.13%) was significantly higher than that of workers with standardize individual protection(10.92%).There were statistically significant in the detection rates of hearing abnormalities and increased blood sugar between workers with frequent use of headphones and not(all P<0.05),and the de tection rates of hearing abnormalities(28.33%) and increased blood sugar( 13. 33%) in workers with frequent use of headphoneswere significantly higher than those of workers not frequently using headphones( 8. 00 % and 4. 67 %).Theabnormal rate of total indexes in occupational health examination of workers with frequent use of headphones(57.50%) was significantly higher than that of workers not frequently using headphones(30.67%). Conclusion The occupational health surveillance of workers exposed to noise and/or high temperature in a beverage factory in Urumqi from 2016-2020 is not optimistic,and it is necessary to strengthen the continuous occupational health surveillance of occupational groups,carry out the occupational health monitoring and follow-up management,improve protective compliance and daily normative behavior,and avoid the risk of occupational diseases effectively.