论日本中世诗歌选集的政治化——以《和汉兼作集》为例

The Politicization of Anthologies of Japanese Poetry in the Chusei Period: Taking Wakankensakushu as an Example

日人的诗歌选集自古受到中国古代文学及儒家文学观中诗教意识与礼乐思想之影响,并最终演化出具有极强政治性的敕撰意识。这一现象在院政期以降体现得尤为突出。笔者以成书于镰仓时代的诗歌选集《和汉兼作集》为例,考证了《和汉兼作集》的政治性直接来自反御子左派谋求政治地位的需要,而其思想则源于摄关家九条家的“诗歌同类”意识,《和汉兼作集》的政治化的具体过程则和“诗歌同类”思想与敕撰和歌集编纂范式的融合现象高度相关。笔者最后阐述了《和汉兼作集》的意义与影响,通过论述《和汉兼作集》的政治化,以小见大,揭示了日本中世文学中蕴含的政治因素。

Anthologies of Japanese literature have been informed by the Confucian view of poetry as a didactic instrument to promote education and the ritual music system. This influence engendered a political consciousness in anthology compilation that has been particularly conspicuous from the Insei period when anthologies were composed by imperial edict and rendered explicitly ideological. Taking Wakankensakushu, a poetry collection compiled in the Kamakura period, as an example, this article argues that the political target of anti-Mikohidariha demanded the politicization of the anthology, and the theoretical basis for the politicization is the conception of Shikadourui proposed by the Kujoke, one of the Sekkan-ke. The process of politicizing Wakankensakushu demonstrates the application of Shikadourui in presenting Chokusen wakashu and the endeavor to incorporate poetry, a genre of Chinese literature, into the paradigm of compiling anthologies of Japanese literature. By expounding on the politicization and significance of Wakankensakushu, the present article aims to draw attention to the mark of politics in Japanese medieval literature.