切花菊营养与肥料高效利用技术研究进展

Nutrition and Fertilizer Efficient Utilization Technology of Cut Chrysanthemum:Research Progress

为解决切花菊设施栽培中施肥过量导致可吸收利用的养分较少且品质不佳的问题,综述切花菊的需肥规律、营养调控研究进展,以及大量营养元素、微量元素、提高化肥利用效率的技术对切花菊生长发育的影响。总结出不同切花菊品种在同一生育期或同一器官的养分需求规律相同,但是针对不同栽培基质、土壤或环境,最适需肥配比、需肥量需要调整。按需施肥和配套技术对于改善土壤结构和切花菊品质有重要作用。笔者认为需将科研与生产紧密结合,深入研究养分高效吸收利用的机理及技术;加快形成适用于不同区域的标准施肥体系,以推进切花菊生产向专业化、规模化和集约化发展。

The paper aims to solve the problems of less available nutrients and poor quality caused by excessive fertilization in facility cultivation of cut chrysanthemum.We summarized the research progress of cut chrysanthemum’s fertilizer uptake and nutritional regulation,and the effects of macronutrients,micronutrients and technology to improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency on the growth and development of cut chrysanthemum.It is concluded that the nutrient requirements of different cut chrysanthemum varieties share similar patterns in the same growth period or organ,but the optimal fertilizer ratio and application amount need to be adjusted according to different cultivation substrates,soil or environments.Fertilization on demand and supporting techniques play an important role in improving soil structure and quality of cut chrysanthemum.It is considered that scientific research and production should be closely combined to make a profound study on the mechanism and technology of efficient absorption and utilization of nutrients,and speed up the establishment of a standard fertilization system suitable for local requirement,so as to promote the specialized,large-scale and intensive development of cut chrysanthemum production.