80份葡萄品种叶片包裹和食用特性评价

Packing and Edibility Characteristics Evaluation of 80 Grape Cultivars'Leaves

研究旨在筛选叶片包裹特性、营养品质、适口性能够满足消费需求的葡萄品种,为新疆叶用葡萄的应用和发展提供参考。以80个葡萄品种(鲜食品种69个、砧木品种11个)成熟叶片为试材,对12个与包裹特性相关的指标进行测定,使用上裂刻深度、柔韧度、叶脉和叶背绒毛4个关键指标进行聚类分析,对叶片包裹特性进行评价,筛选符合包裹特性要求的品种。进一步通过测定可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、单宁、总酚和总黄酮等5个理化指标对筛选出品种的营养、适口性等品质进行评价。通过聚类分析筛选出‘里扎玛特’、‘优无核’、‘脆香宝’、‘101-14’、‘5BB’等包裹特性与‘无核白’类似的葡萄品种15个,16个品种单宁含量均较低,均能满足适口性要求。16个品种叶片可溶性糖含量为52.46~123.45 mg/g,可溶性蛋白为57.09~75.99 mg/g,总酚为2.20~6.81 mg/g,总黄酮为1.05~4.30 mg/g。‘优无核’、‘里扎玛特’、‘脆香宝’、‘早玛瑙’、‘新雅’、‘无核翠宝’等6个鲜食品种,‘5BB’、‘101-14’、‘110R’、‘SO4’等4个砧木品种可作为叶用备选品种。

The purpose of this study is to screen suitable grape cultivars with leaves of proper packing characteristics,nutritional quality and palatability,which could meet consumer demand,and to provide reference for the application and development of leaf use grape in Xinjiang.Mature leaves of 80 grape cultivars(69 table grape cultivars and 11 rootstock cultivars)were used as test materials,12 indicators related to leaf packing characteristics were measured.Cluster analysis was performed to screen the cultivars which could conform to the packing characteristics by 4 key indicators,including upper cleft depth,flexibility and folding damage level,and vein and dorsal villi.The nutritional and palatability quality of the screened cultivars were evaluated by measuring 5 physicochemical indexes including soluble sugar,soluble protein,tannin,total phenol and total flavonoids.15 grape cultivars with leaf packing characteristics similar to‘Thompson Seedless’were screened out through cluster analysis,such as‘Rizzamat’,‘Youwuhe’,‘Cuixiangbao’,‘101-14’and‘5BB’.The tannin content of 16 cultivars was low,which could meet the requirements of palatability.The content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,total phenol and flavonoids in leaves of the 16 cultivars ranged from 52.46-123.45,57.09-75.99,2.20-6.81 and 1.05-4.30 mg/g,respectively.In general,6 table grape cultivars,‘Youwuhe’,‘Rizzamat’,‘Cuixiangbao’,‘Zaomanao’,‘Xinya’and‘Wuhecuibao’,and 4 rootstock cultivars,‘5BB’,‘101-14’,‘110R’and‘SO4’,could be used as alternative leaf use grape cultivars.