番石榴叶精油的提取、成分鉴定及对红火蚁的生物活性分析

Psidium guajava Essential Oil:Extraction,Component Identification and Bioactivity Against Red Imported Fire Ant

为评价番石榴叶精油(EO)对红火蚁的熏蒸活性,采用熏蒸法和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)等技术测定精油对红火蚁的生物活性。EO含有31种化合物,caryophyllene(37.86%)为主要化合物。生测结果表明,20μL/管的EO熏蒸红火蚁48 h,死亡率达90%以上;熏蒸红火蚁9 h,聚集率下降了78%,攀爬率下降了45%,抓附率下降了34%,行走率下降了30%。10μL/管的EO熏蒸红火蚁48 h,体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)酶活力分别降低了56.62%和58.57%,红火蚁毒腺分泌哌啶化合物的组分降低了50%。番石榴叶精油对红火蚁具备良好的熏蒸活性,并抑制其行为能力、体内酶活力及生物碱的分泌。本研究可为番石榴的深度开发及红火蚁的生物防控提供理论依据。

In order to investigate the fumigation activity of guava essential oil(EO)against red imported fire ants(RIFA),the bioactivity analysis of essential oil against RIFA was determined by fumigation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).31 compounds were identified in EO,and caryophyllene(37.86%)was the major constituent in EO.The bioactivity test showed that when RIFA were fumigated for 48 h with 20μL/tube of EO,the mortality rate reached more than 90%.After fumigation for 9 h,the aggregation rate was decreased by 78%,the climbing rate was decreased by 45%,the grabbing rate was decreased by 34%,and the walking rate was decreased by 30%.When RIFA were fumigated for 48 h with 10μL/tube of EO,the catalase(CAT)and carboxylesterase(CarE)activities in vivo were decreased by 56.62%and 58.57%,respectively.The composition of piperidine compounds secreted by RIFA venom glands was decreased by 50%.In summary,the EO of guava has a good fumigation activity against RIFA,and it could inhibit the behavioral ability,enzyme activity and alkaloid secretion of RIFA.This study could provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth development of guava and the biological control of RIFA.