基于光热发电的热化学储热体系研究现状与展望

Research progress and prospects in thermochemical energy storage systems based on solar thermal power generation

光热发电是一种利用太阳能热效应的发电形式,其配备的储热系统可实现电网负荷的削峰填谷,是一种兼备清洁发电和平稳供电特点的新兴技术。光热发电技术的关键是配备高效安全且可长时间运行的储热系统。热化学储热是极具前景的储热技术之一。本文综述了主流热化学储热体系(金属氧化物、碳酸化合物、氢氧化物、金属氢化物和氨)的技术原理和研究进展,指出了不同热化学储热体系的优势、存在的技术问题以及改善方法。基于现有研究,提出热化学储热技术的发展趋势是开发适宜的储热介质,进行反应器和换热器以及储热、放热过程的建模和优化,推动热化学储热在光热发电技术应用中的中试放大研究。

Solar thermal power generation uses solar heat effect to generate electricity, and it is equipped with the heat storage system that can realize the peak-load shifting of power grid. It is an emerging technology possessing characteristics of both clean power generation and stable electricity supply. The key part of solar thermal power generation is to outfit efficient and safe heat storage system, which can operate for a long time. Thermochemical heat storage is one of the most promising technologies for heat storage. In this paper, the technical principles and research progress of mainstream thermochemical heat storage systems(metal oxides, carbonates, hydroxides,metal hydrides and ammonia) were reviewed. The advantages, technical problems and improvement methods of different thermochemical heat storage systems were pointed out. Based on the existing research, the development trend of thermochemical heat storage technology is to develop suitable heat storage medium, model and optimize the reactor/heat exchanger, heat storage/release processes, and promote the pilot scale study of thermochemical heat storage in the application of solar thermal power generation technology.