中国大陆高密度城市公园建设水平演变特征分析——从1996年到2019年

Evolution Characteristics of High-density Cities’Park Construction in China’s Mainland from 1996 to 2019

高密度城市的人口与绿地矛盾日益突出,准确研判其公园建设水平的时空演变规律对新型城镇化建设有重要意义。以人口密度和经济密度综合表征城市密度,在我国2019年266个地级及以上城市基础上,遴选出当年的26个高密度城市,并以此为研究单元探究1996—2019年高密度城市公园建设水平的演变特征。从时序来看,公园建设态势为“快速提升—增速减缓—稳步推进”,建设模式以公园个数的增加引领公园规模、公园密度的高速发展。从城市类型来看,经济密度是影响高密度进程速度和公园建设基础的重要因素,而人口密度的影响逐渐加强;“人口、经济密度极高”型、“高密度进程较快”型公园建设“主增个数,辅增规模”;“人口、经济密度双高”型、“高密度进程平稳”型公园配置最为协调。提出“重密度、重配置”“重系统、重需求”“重低碳、重效能”等发展对策,以期为“公园城市”背景下高密度城市的绿色、可持续发展提供有益探索。

The contradiction between population and green space is increasingly prominent in high-density cities,so it is of great significance to accurately study the spatial-temporal evolution of park construction in high-density cities.Based on the comprehensive representation of urban density by population density and economic density,26 high-density cities have been selected from 266 prefecture-level and above cities in 2019 to explore the evolution characteristics of urban park construction level from 1996 to 2019.The results show that from the temporal perspective,the trend of park construction changes from rapid improvement to slow-down growth and to steady progress,and the construction pattern leads to the rapid development of park scales and park densities with the increase of park amounts.From the perspective of different city types,economic density is an important factor affecting the speed of high-density process and the foundation of park construction,and population density plays an increasingly important role."High population and economic density"cities’and"rapid development"cities’park construction mainly increase in number and also increase in scale.Park construction in"high population and economic density"cities and"steady progress"cities are the most coordinated.To provide beneficial exploration for the green and sustainable development of high-density cities under the background of"park city",the development countermeasures emphasizing"density and configuration","system and demand",and"low-carbon and efficiency"are put forward.