文创园区的功能演进:上海20年实践研究

The Evolution of Functions of Creative Precincts:Practices of Shanghai in Retrospect

基于访谈和文本方法,从产业、文化、空间3个维度,解读上海文创园区功能不断复合化和复杂化的演进规律,进而提出:从产业角度来看,文创园区最初作为创意产业的载体,继而在行业规模发展时成为产业政策平台,随着不同利益相关方预期的不断提高,逐步嬗变为经济目标多元的组织单元;从文化角度来看,文创园区起初用于保护工业遗产,文化氛围的不断外溢使其具备了文化景观功能,而一些园区则更进一步成为辐射不同范围的文化创意地标;从空间角度来看,文创园区从工业用地模糊利用的基础功能,演化出开放社区的邻里中心功能,并以其细节布局成为规模化城市规划的留白空间。

The functions of creative precincts in Shanghai have continuously evolved into real complexity.On account of interviews and text analysis methods,this paper interprets this function evolution,based on a framework composed of industrial,cultural and spatial dimensions.Sectorially,creative precincts first serve as spaces for emerging creative industries,then as platforms for industrial policies with the expansion of precincts all over Shanghai,and as multiple objective economic units,to meet the needs of more and more demanding stakeholders.Culturally,creative precincts are at the beginning used for preserving industrial heritages.With the growing spillover effects of cultural elements in the inner city,the cultural landscape function becomes indispensable for almost all precincts.Some precincts advance further by becoming creative landmarks of a certain geographical or social range.Spatially,the form of creative precincts is borrowed from occidental counterparts to reuse explicitly or implicitly deserted industrial land.Some are currently opened as public spaces in the neighborhood.Some even become the blank-leaving to remedy locally the negative influence left by the fast-ending mass urbanization.