需求侧视角下旅游特征部门工资变动影响因素研究——基于投入产出分析框架

A Research on the Influencing Factors of Wage Changes in Tourism-characteristic Sectors from the Demand-side Perspective:Based on the Input-output Modeling Framework

旅游从业者工资收入构成了收入分配中的重要组成部分,而最终需求变化持续深刻地影响着旅游产业领域从业者的工资收入水平。文章结合投入产出分析和结构分解中的两级分解法,提出了一个全新的分析框架,将旅游从业者工资变化分解为劳动报酬份额效应、增加值比率变动效应、投入产出结构效应、国内产品自给效应、需求结构效应和最终需求规模效应六种类型,厘清了最终需求通过国民经济系统内部产业关联机制影响旅游特征部门工资变化的内在机理,探究了中国旅游从业人员的工资变化趋势及其动因。研究结果表明,中国旅游从业者平均工资在整体上呈现上升趋势,但各旅游特征部门工资水平排名在全行业中不断下滑;隶属需求环节的最终需求规模效应是多数旅游特征部门平均工资增长的主动力,而由国内产品自给效应(ΔDS)、增加值比率变动效应(ΔVA)、投入产出结构效应(ΔIO)构成的生产和供应环节因素则在整个分析时期由负向抑制性影响向正向促进作用转变,成为仅次于最终需求规模效应的动力源泉;隶属要素收入分配环节的劳动报酬份额效应则在整个分析时期由正向促进作用转变为负向抑制性影响,成为旅游从业者工资收入上升的最大阻力。

Tourism wage constitutes an important part of the income distribution,and changes in final demand profoundly affect the wage levels of those working in the tourism sector.Combining the input-output analysis and the two-polar decomposition method in structural decomposition analysis,this paper proposed a new analytical framework to decompose tourism wage changes into six factors:labor compensation share effect,value-added ratio change effect,input-output structure effect,domestic product self-sufficiency effect,demand structure effect,and final demand scale effect,to clarify how final demand affects wage changes in tourism through the mechanism of industry linkages within the national economic system,and ultimately capture the trend of wage changes of Chinese tourism workers and its drivers.The results show that the average wage in China’s tourism industry shows an overall upward trend,but the wage ranking of each tourism characteristic sector is declining among the whole industry;the final demand scale effect,which is part of the demand factors,is the main driver of the average wage growth in most tourism characteristic sectors;the production and supply factors,consisting of the domestic product self-sufficiency effect(ΔDS),the value-added ratio change effect(ΔVA),and the input-output structure effect(ΔIO)change from negative to positive effects over the analysis period,becoming the second most important source of wage growth after the final demand scale effect;the labor compensation share effect,which is part of the factor income distribution,changes from positive to negative effects over the analysis period,hence becomes the most important obstacle to the wage increase in the tourism sector.