高度近视视神经改变与原发性开角型青光眼的相关性研究进展

Research progress on the correlation between optic neuropathy and primary open-angle glaucoma in high myopia

高度近视(high myopia,HM)作为一种特殊类型的屈光型眼病,不仅会导致进行性、退行性眼底改变,其视神经损伤的患病率也很高。青光眼是全球范围内最常见的一种不可逆致盲性眼病,原发性开角型青光眼(primary open-angle glaucoma,POAG)是最常见的青光眼类型。近年来的研究发现HM与POAG的病理改变存在相似之处。由于HM眼底改变与早期POAG眼底改变容易混淆,HM患者早期发现POAG对延缓或阻止疾病进展很重要。HM患者长期随访不仅要观察黄斑病变,视神经形态与结构改变的观察也不容忽视。

As a special type of refractive eye disease,high myopia(HM)not only causes progressive and degenerative fundus changes,but also has a high prevalence of optic nerve damage.Glaucoma is the most common form of irreversible blinding eye diseases worldwide,among which,primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)is the most common type.In recent studies,HM is found to have similarities on pathological changes as that of POAG.And HM fundus changes are easily confused with early stage POAG fundus changes;thus,the early detection of POAG on HM patients is highly important on disease deferment or prevention of disease progression.Macular degeneration as well as optic nerve morphology and structural changes are to be observed in the long-term follow-up for HM patients.