微重力对肿瘤细胞生物学特性影响的研究进展

Research progress of the effects of microgravity on biological characteristics of tumor cells

微重力在太空环境中扮演着重要角色。微重力已被证明会对细胞形态和基因表达产生影响,这些影响可能也存在于肿瘤细胞及肿瘤干细胞中。综述了目前微重力对肿瘤细胞起到应激刺激和细胞外刺激的信号作用,通过信号转导系统影响肿瘤细胞的形态和功能,从而产生一定的生物学效应,并对未来肿瘤疫苗发展状态进行展望。肿瘤治疗仍然是全球最重要的问题之一。尽管现代医学有了进步,但还没有确定的策略用于预防肿瘤形成。模拟微重力状态下三维肿瘤球体结构的形成具有重要意义,这种三维肿瘤组织的形成类似于癌细胞在体内形成原发肿瘤或者转移性实体肿瘤,这种模型可作为抗实体肿瘤药物预筛选的替代肿瘤,也可以用于肿瘤细胞的各种生物学行为研究。因此,微重力环境可能是一个潜在的抗肿瘤治疗的策略。本篇综述集中讨论目前关于微重力或模拟微重力环境对肿瘤细胞和肿瘤干细胞的生物学行为的影响。在微重力条件下,微重力对肿瘤细胞病理生理的影响,观察肿瘤细胞生物学特性的变化,通过比较基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学的方法,探索肿瘤细胞的遗传规律,找到关键功能基因,并以此为基础研发抗肿瘤疫苗和新型抗肿瘤药物,从而为肿瘤预防、控制和治疗提供新策略。

Microgravity plays an important role in shaping the universe.Microgravity has been shown to have signifi⁃cant effects on cell morphology and gene expression,specifically in tumor cells,and these effects may also exist in cancer stem cells.Microgravity acts as the signals of stress stimulation and extracellular stimulation for cells,which af⁃fects cellular morphology and function through signal transduction system,thus leading to certain biological effects and to prospect the development of tumor vaccine in the future.Tumor treatment remains one of the most important issues in the world.Despite advances of modern medicine,but there is no definite strategy for preventing tumor formation.It is of great significance to simulate the formation of three-dimensional tumor sphere structure in microgravity.The for⁃mation of this three-dimensional tumor tissue is similar to the formation of primary tumors or metastatic solid tumors in the body by cancer cells.This model may be used as a pre-screening of anti-solid tumor drugs and it may also be used to study various biological behaviors of cancer cells.Therefore,the microgravity environment may be a poten⁃tial therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment.This review will focus on the current studies on the effects of microgravity or simulated microgravity environments on the biological behavior of tumor cells and tumor stem cells.Under micro⁃gravity conditions,the effects of microgravity on pathology and physiology of tumor cells were studied,and the changes in biological characteristics of tumor cells were observed.By comparison of the methods of genomics,transcriptomics and proteomics,the inheritance law of tumor cells was explored under simulated microgravity conditions,and the key functional genes were found,based on which,anti-cancer vaccines and new anti-tumor drugs were developed.And thus,an unprecedented opportunity was provided for new strategies of tumor prevention,control and treatment.