陕蒙交界一带露天煤矿开采充水水源调查及防治措施

Investigation and Prevention Measures of Filling Water Source in Open Pit Coal Mine at the boundary between Shaanxi and Mongolia

陕蒙交界一带露天煤矿位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗乌兰木伦镇与陕西省神木市大柳塔镇之间,即乌兰木伦河与小河交汇口一带,近年由于露天开采区面积增大,抽排地下水量亦在逐年增大,为了减少地下水排泄量,更好的保护水资源,对露天煤矿开采充水水源进行调查研究,为下一步水资源保护、治理提供技术依据。本次采用水动力场、水化学场和同位素场进行综合调查分析,得出露天煤矿开采充水水源主要是地表水(乌兰木伦河水、小河水和乌兰木伦河水库水),其次是基岩裂隙水的侧向径流和大气降水。由于河流地表水和水库水大量渗漏,使水库库容减少,河流水减少或断流。如不防治和治理可对当地环境造成损害,故应对乌兰木伦河和小河河道渗漏段及时进行封堵,作好防渗处理,减少地表水渗入,保护水资源。同时建立地表水、地下水监测系统,对地表水、地下水动态变化与矿山建设、生产有关的环境要素进行监控,防止恶化和蔓延,做到提前预警,为环境治理提供依据。

The open pit coal mine is located between Wulan Mulun Town,Ejin Horuo Banner,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Daliuta Town,Shenmu City,Shaanxi Province,where the Wulan Mulun River and the Xiaohe River intersect.In recent years,as the area of open-pit mining increases,the amount of pumping and draining groundwater is also increasing year by year.In order to reduce the discharge of groundwater and protect the water resource better,the investigation and study of the water-filled source in open-pit coal mining are carried out for providing technical basis to future water resources protection and management.Through comprehensive investigation and analysis of hydrodynamic field,hydrochemical field and isotope field,it is concluded that the source of filling water in open-pit coal mine is mainly surface water(water from the Ulan Mulun River,the Xiaohe River and the Ulan Mulun River reservoir),followed by the lateral radial flow of bedrock fissure water and atmospheric precipitation.Due to the large water leakage form the rivers,surface water and water reservoir,the reservoir capacity and the river water is reduced or cut off.If not to take prevention and control measures,it may cause damage to the local environment.In order to protect the water resources,the leakage sections of the Wulan Mulun River and the Xiaohe River should be blocked in time,and the seepage prevention treatment should be done to reduce the infiltration of surface water.At the same time,a monitoring system of surface water and groundwater should be established to monitor the environmental elements related to the dynamic changes of surface water and groundwater and mine construction and production,so as to prevent deterioration and spread,give early warning and provide a basis for environmental governance.