锌离子电池低温性能研究进展

The research process on low temperature performance of zinc ion batteries

新兴的可充电锌离子电池具有高安全性、环境友好、低成本、操作简单等优势,因此成为极具应用前景的下一代储能设备之一。然而,其在低温条件下展现出较低的放电容量以及功率密度,有时甚至无法正常运行,严重制约可充电锌离子电池的实用性。因此,本文对近期相关文献进行探讨,从电极材料的设计、优化电解质以及改进其他组件三个方面综述了提高锌离子电池低温性能的策略,着重介绍了晶体工程和组分设计在提高电极材料低温离子传导率方面的作用机制。对于电解质优化策略,重点分析了水系高浓度电解质、有机电解质、准固态/固态电解质、电解质添加剂、共晶电解质五种方法对降低电解质凝固点和提升锌离子电池低温电化学性能的机理。此外,简要阐述了高亲水性黏结剂以及高电导率隔膜等改进方法。综合分析表明,通过晶体工程、准固态/固态电解质和电解质添加剂等多种策略的协同耦合,有望实现研制具有高比容量、长循环稳定性和大倍率性能的低温锌离子电池。

New rechargeable zinc-based energy storage technologies have the advantages of high safety,environmental friendliness,cheap cost,and ease of use;as a result,they are thought to be among the most promising next-generation energy storage technologies.However,it displays poor discharge capacity and power density at low temperatures or even malfunctions,significantly limiting applicability.Therefore,through the discussion of recent related research,this review contemplates on the strategies to improve the low-temperature performance of zinc-ion batteries from three perspectives:the design of electrode materials,the optimization of electrolytes,and the improvement of other components.The mechanisms of crystal engineering and component design in improving the ion conductivity of electrode materials at low temperatures are emphasized.Regarding the electrolyte optimization strategy,the mechanism of five approaches,including aqueous high concentration electrolyte,organic electrolyte,quasi-solid/solid electrolyte,electrolyte additive,and eutectic electrolyte,to lower the freezing point of the electrolyte and enhance the electrochemical performance of zinc ion battery at low temperature was examined.Additionally,the enhancement techniques of high hydrophilic binder and high conductivity diaphragm are briefly mentioned.The thorough research reveals that the creation of low-temperature zinc-ion batteries with a high-specific capacity,long-cycle stability,and high-rate capability is anticipated to be realized through the cooperative coupling of crystal engineering,quasi-solid/solid electrolyte,and electrolyte additives.