高速铁路钢轨波磨声振结合识别方法

Identification Method for Rail Corrugation by Acoustics and Vibration Combination on High-Speed Railway

为深入研究高速铁路钢轨波磨激发的动态响应信号特征,完善采用动态响应信号检测、识别与评价钢轨波磨的方法,基于高速综合检测列车轴箱处加速度传感器采集的振动信号和构架处传声器采集的声信号,分析信号中钢轨波磨成分的频谱和能量特征,提出采用声能量因子EFA和声波磨指数SCIA描述动态响应声信号中钢轨波磨成分的方法。在此基础上,进一步计算声振复合信号的有效值和频谱能量的变化情况,提出采用声振复合能量因子EFC和声振复合波磨指数SCIC识别钢轨波磨的方法。对3组不同特征的实测声振数据进行分析,并与现场复核情况进行对比验证。结果表明:采用声振结合互补的方法能抑制干扰项,提高动态响应信号中周期性成分的能量集中度;由于声振信号在不同区段有着敏感程度不同的特性,声振结合具有双保险的意义,能有效识别钢轨波磨和轨道早期周期性病害。

In order to study the characteristics of dynamic response signals aroused by rail corrugation on highspeed railway and improve the methods of inspection,identification,and evaluation of rail corrugation by dynamic response signals,the frequency spectrum and energy characteristics of rail corrugation components in signals are analyzed based on the vibration signal adopted from axle box accelerator and the acoustical signal adopted from microphone at the bogie frame of high-speed comprehensive inspection train.Meanwhile,Acoustical Energy Factor(EFA)and Acoustical Steel Corrugation Index(SCIA)are proposed for describing the rail corrugation components in dynamic response signals.On the basis of this,the effective values of acousticvibration composite signal and the variation of frequency spectrum energy are further calculated to propose an approach of identifying rail corrugation through the acoustic-vibration Compound Energy Factor(EFC)and acoustic-vibration Compound Steel Corrugation Index(SCIC),which is verified through the analysis of three groups of measured acoustic-vibration data with different characteristics and used to carry out a comparison test with the field review data.The results show that,through the method of acoustic-vibration combination and complementary,the interfered components can be suppressed and the energy concentration of periodic components in dynamic response signals can be enhanced.Due to the characteristics of varying sensitivity of acoustic-vibration signals existing in different sections,the combination of acoustics and vibration has the significance of double insurance,which can effectively identify the rail corrugation and the early periodic rail defects.