四川省雅安市清漪湖省级湿地公园鸟类多样性

Bird Diversity in Qingyi Lake Provincial Wetland Park in Ya’an City,Sichuan Province

2020年6月—2021年6月,利用样线法和样点法对雅安市清漪湖省级湿地公园鸟类多样性开展调查。基于6次野外调查,共记录到鸟类14目40科98种。其中,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类8种,四川省重点保护鸟类9种,中国特有鸟类3种,世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录鸟类3种(易危1种,近危2种),濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)附录Ⅱ有7种。居留型上,以留鸟和夏候鸟为主(80.61%)。区系特征上,东洋界、古北界、广布种鸟类分别有50种(51.02%)、21种(21.43%)、27种(27.55%)。不同季节比较时,夏季的物种丰富度最高,冬季的Shannon-Wiener指数最高,而秋季的物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数均最低,不同季节间的相似性均较高(Cj=0.212~0.345)。不同生境比较时,阔叶林的物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数均最高,沿岸湿地的物种丰富度最低,而居民区的Shannon-Wiener指数最低,除了水域生境外,其余5种生境间的相似性均较高(Cj=0.114~0.268)。整体上看,湿地公园鸟类资源较为丰富,具有重要的生态监测与保护价值。建议持续定期开展鸟类监测工作、加强对湿地公园内水域的监测和保护力度、加大鸟类保护宣传教育和执法力度。

From June 2020 to June 2021,the bird diversity of Qingyi Lake provincial wetland park in Ya'an city was investigated by using sample line method and sample point method.Based on 6 field investigations,a total of 98 species of birds belonging to 40 families and 14 orders were recorded.Among them,there were 8 species of national class II key protected birds,9 species of Sichuan provincial key protected species.There were three species were endemic to China,three species were on the IUCN Red List of endangered species(1 vulnerable and 2 near threatened species),and seven species were listed in AppendixⅡof CITES.Residence type analysis indicated that resident birds and summer migrants were the main species(80.61%).Fauna analysis indicated that,among the breeding birds,50 species(51.02%)were from Oriental Realm,21 species(21.43%)were from Palearctic Realm and 27 species(27.55%)were widespread species.The species richness was the highest in summer,the Shannon-Wiener index was the highest in winter,while the species richness and Shannon-Wiener index were the lowest in autumn,and the similarity among different seasons was high(Cj=0.212~0.345).Broad-leaved forest had the highest species richness and Shannon-Wiener index among different habitats,the species richness of coastal wetland habitat was the lowest,while the Shannon-Wiener index of residential habitat was the lowest.Except for aquatic habitats,the similarity of the other five habitats was high(Cj=0.114~0.268).On the whole,the wetland park was rich in bird resources,which had important ecological monitoring and protection value.It is recommended to carry out regular bird monitoring,strengthen the monitoring and protection of wetland park waters and strengthen the publicity and education of bird protection and law enforcement.