结构性约束与自主性融入:以上海装修工人群体为例

Structural Constraints and Autonomous Inclusion: the Case of Renovation Workers in Shanghai

改革开放以来,工业化城镇化引发了劳动力从农村向城市转移的大潮。装修工人群体便是这一劳动力转移大潮中的重要组成部分。以上海市装修工人群体为对象的研究发现,社会阶层局限、用工制度差异、家庭责任的结构性约束使该群体离开了农村而又无法扎根于城市。但是,装修工人群体同时展现出他们的自主性与特殊性:专业技能带来的身份认同、社会关系网络的再建立、工作流转的灵活度,这些因素使得装修工人群体产生一种适应感和自主意识的融入感。改革用工制度、完善社保体系、推进技能认证等措施亟须政府、企业、市场多方共同协作,以有效保障装修工人群体的劳动权益。

Since the reform and opening up, industrialization has triggered a tide of labour migration from rural to urban areas. Renovation workers are an important component of this labour transfer. A study of renovation workers in Shanghai found that social class constraints, differences in employment systems and the structural constraints of family responsibilities made this group leave the countryside but prevented them from becoming deeply rooted in the city. However, the group of renovation workers also demonstrated their special characteristics. The re-establishment of social networks, the identity that comes with professional skills and the degree of integration into the city, and the flexibility of the work flow, are all the factors that create a sense of adaptation and a sense of autonomy for the renovation workers’ group. The reform of the employment system,the improvement of the social security system and the promotion of skills certification measures need to be addressed urgently and require the collaboration of the government, enterprises and the market to effectively protect the labour rights and interests of the renovation workers..