秋季氮磷钾配方施肥对白花前胡产量和品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium Formula Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Peucedanum praeruptorum in Autumn

目的:研究大量元素氮、磷、钾配方施肥对白花前胡产量和品质的影响,为白花前胡栽培过程中肥料的合理配施提供依据。方法:按照L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验设计白花前胡氮、磷、钾配施处理,测定白花前胡植株采收期的叶片长、地上部分干质量、根长、根粗、地下部分干质量;采用高效液相色谱法测定白花前胡中白花前胡甲素、白花前胡乙素、白花前胡丙素含量;按照《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版(四部)冷浸法测定醇浸出物;通过主成分分析和隶属函数分析计算不同处理对白花前胡产量和品质性状的响应值。结果:氮、磷、钾配方施肥对白花前胡的产量和品质有不同程度影响。其中,白花前胡甲素、白花前胡丙素受钾元素影响最大,白花前胡乙素受氮元素影响最大;处理3(N_(0)P_(2)K_(2))的白花前胡甲素质量分数最高,达到1.559%,处理2(N_(0)P_(1)K_(1))的白花前胡乙素和白花前胡丙素质量分数最高,分别达到0.252%和0.439%,相对于其他组别有显著提升;产量受氮元素影响最大,处理8(N2P1K0)产量相较于空白组显著提高了75.36%,达到3803.47 kg·hm^(–2)。结论:秋季适当的氮、磷、钾配施对白花前胡产量和品质有促进作用,控制氮肥施用,适当施用磷肥、钾肥有利于白花前胡的产量和品质提升。

Objective:To study the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium formula fertilization on the quality and yield of Peucedanum praeruptorum,and to provide a basis for the rational fertilizer distribution in the cultivation process of P.praeruptorum.Methods:According to L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal test,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilization treatments were designed,and the leaf length,dry weight of the aboveground part,root length,root diameter,dry weight of the underground part,and other agronomic traits of P.praeruptorum during harvesting period were determined.Highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used for the determination of praeruptorin A,praeruptorin B,and praeruptorin C.The cold immersion method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)was used to determine the alcohol extract.Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were used to calculate the response values of different treatments to yield and quality traits of P.praeruptorum.Results:Nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium formula fertilization had different effects on the quality and yield of P.praeruptorum.Potassium had the greatest effects on praeruptorin A and praeruptorin C,while nitrogen had the greatest effects on praeruptorin B.Treatment 3(N_(0)P_(2)K_(2))had the highest mass fraction of praeruptorin A,reaching 1.559%.The mass fractions of praeruptorin B and praeruptorin C in treatment 2(N_(0)P_(1)K_(1))were the highest,reaching 0.252%and 0.439%,respectively,which were significantly increased as compared with other groups.The yield of treatment 8(N2P1K0)was significantly increased by 75.36%as compared with the blank group,reaching 3803.47 kg·hm^(–2).Conclusion:The appropriate use of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium formula fertilization can promote the quality and yield of P.praeruptorum in autumn.Controlling the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reasonable application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of P.praeruptorum.