辽西温室甜瓜一年一大茬栽培优质高产施肥技术

Fertilization Technology for Muskmelon with High Quality and High Yield Cultivation of A Large Crop One Year in Greenhouse of West Liaoning

针对喀左县日光温室甜瓜一年一大茬栽培所面临的土壤障碍明显、产量不高、品质下降、病虫危害加重等实际问题,通过改变传统施肥方法,使上述问题得到了一定缓解。在合理应用有机肥基础上,根据温室土壤养分状况和甜瓜需肥规律,开展了肥料应用种类、比例、数量、最佳施肥时期和方法研究,探索出一套适合喀左地区日光温室甜瓜一年一大茬栽培的高产高效施肥技术,从甜瓜不同生长发育时期出发,总结出适量应用育苗肥、施足基肥、根据不同生长发育时期追肥、做好叶面喷肥、适量应用微肥等合理施肥方法,使温室甜瓜每667 m2产量较农民习惯施肥增加905.61 kg,效益增加5 433.66元。

In view of the practical problems such as obvious soil obstacle, low yield, declining quality and aggravation of pests and diseases in solar greenhouse cultivation of muskmelon in Kazuo county, Liaoning province, the above problems were alleviated by changing the traditional fertilization method. On the basis of rational application of organic fertilizer, according to the soil nutrient status of greenhouse and muskmelon fertilizer requirement law, the application type, proportion, quantity, optimum fertilization stage and method of fertilizer were studied, and a set of high yield and high efficiency fertilization technique suitable for muskmelon cultivation with a large crop one year in solar greenhouse in Kazuo area was explored. Starting from different growth and development stages of muskmelon, reasonable fertilization methods such as proper application of seedling fertilizer, application of sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing according to different growth and development stages, foliar spraying fertilizer, appropriate application of trace element fertilizer were summarized. The yield of muskmelon in greenhouse increased by 905.61 kg per 667 m~2 compared with farmers’ customary fertilization, and the benefit increased by 5 433.66 yuan per 667 m~2.