凤凰苗族、那坡黑衣壮斜梁结构民居类比研究

An Analogy Study on the Folk Houses of Phoenix Miao Nationality in Fenghuang and Black Cloth Zhuang Nationality in Napo with Oblique beam

中国古代建筑木构架体系一般公认的结构形式有穿斗式和抬梁式两大类。在各地古民居建筑中还有一种广泛使用的斜梁结构,在湖南、四川、云南等地的少数民族民居以及豫南、苏北、陕西岐山凤雏等地的汉族民居中都有出现。凤凰苗族与那坡黑衣壮民居虽然都采用斜梁结构承担屋面荷载,但其房屋内部空间却天差地别。研究以生活环境、民族风俗分析作为切入点,比对两个民族民居的平面形式、结构特点,阐述其差异性产生的原因。进而希望学界对斜梁结构这种形式给予更多的关注,更好地保护好这种正在消逝中的结构形式。

There are two generally recognized structural forms of wood frame system in ancient Chinese architecture. There is also a widely used inclined beam structure in ancient residential buildings around the country. Although the Miao nationality in Fenghuang and the black cloth Zhuang nationality in Napo both adopt inclined beam structure to bear the roof load, but the internal space of their houses is different from each other. The research takes the analysis of living environment and national customs as the breakthrough point, compares the planar form and structural characteristics of the two national dwellings, and expounds the reasons for their differences. We hoped that the academic community will pay more attention to this form of inclined beam structure and better protect this will disappearing structural form.