日韩“无废”建设及其启示

The Experience and Policy Inspiration of “Zero Waste” in Japan and ROK

中国在发展循环经济的重大战略布局下,从“生活垃圾分类”切入“无废城市”建设,形成“循环”和“无废”双轨交叉嵌合模式,成为“无废”之路上的后起之秀。资源危机下日本“分类处置-循环利用”和韩国“前端减量-循环利用”的“无废”建设模式,将明确减量贯穿始终,并取得了一定成效。剖析日本构筑“循环型社会”的精细分类体系和精益生产体系,以及韩国“垃圾收费从量制”和“生产者责任延伸制”的实践经验,研讨我国以减量化为核心的计量收费制度的推广方式和保障机制,探索以资源化为核心的生产者责任延伸制度在工业和农业领域的实践路径,以及在建设数字中国和新型智慧城市背景下高水平建设“无废城市”的控废利废对策,对促进我国循环经济发展是十分必要的。

Under the major strategic layout of developing circular economy, China has started the construction of “zero-waste city” from the classification of household garbage, forming a double-track model of “recycling” and “zero waste”. Under the resource crisis, the “zero waste” construction modes of “from classification disposal to recycling” in Japan and “from front-end reduction to recycling” in ROK has made some progress. In that context, it is necessary to analyze the fine classification system and lean production system of “recycling society” in Japan, as well as the practical experience of “quantity system of garbage charge” and “extended producer responsibility system” in ROK, so as to explore ways of promotion and guarantee mechanism of China’s metering charge system with reduction as the core. In order to promote the development of recycling economy in China, the extended producer responsibility system with resources as the core is the practice approach in industry and agriculture, and the countermeasures of high level construction of “ zero waste city” under the background of the construction of “ digital China” and new smart cities,which will greatly promote the development of recycling economy in China.