贺兰山东麓‘蛇龙珠’葡萄病毒病种类鉴定及对采收期的影响

Identification of‘Cabernet Gernischet’Grape Virus Disease in Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain and Its Effect on Harvesting Time

为摸清宁夏贺兰山东麓‘蛇龙珠’葡萄感染病毒种类,探究葡萄病毒病对果实品质及其采收期的影响。以‘蛇龙珠’葡萄为材料,通过RT-PCR方法鉴定‘蛇龙珠’葡萄感染病毒种类;利用主成分分析法(PCA)对葡萄果实各理化指标进行综合评价,确定罹病和无症状对照组葡萄的最佳采收期。结果表明:‘蛇龙珠’葡萄感染8种葡萄病毒,分别为GLRaV-1、GLRaV-2、GLRaV-3、GFLV、GRSPaV、GVA、GPGV和GINV,复合侵染严重;与对照组相比,罹病葡萄的SPAD值降低14.89%,净光合速率降低17.21%,叶片气孔导度降低37.77%,可溶性固形物降低19.36%,还原糖含量降低18.09%,糖酸比降低25.24%,滴定酸含量增加15.94%;通过主成分分析得到2020年度对照组葡萄的最佳采收期为9月20日,罹病葡萄的最佳采收期为9月27日。综上,‘蛇龙珠’葡萄感染8种葡萄病毒,病毒感染导致植株叶片光合作用下降,果实可溶性固形物、还原糖、单宁等物质积累降低,造成酿酒葡萄采收期推迟1周。

To find out the virus types of‘Cabernet Gernischt’at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,and the effect of grape virus diseases on the fruit quality and the harvest time,we took the‘Cabernet Gernischt’as the test material,the types of virus in‘Cabernet Gernischt’grapes were identified by RT-PCR;Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to comprehensively evaluate the physical and chemical indexes of grapes for determining the best harvesting time of diseased and control grapes.The result showed that‘Cabernet Gernischt’were infected with GLRaV-1,GLRaV-2,GLRaV-3,GFLV,GRSPaV,GVA,GPGV and GINV,and the phenomenon of compound infection was serious.Compared with the control group,the SPAD value decreased by 14.89%,the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 17.21%,the leaf stomatal conductance decreased by 37.77%,the soluble solids decreased by 19.36%,the reducing sugar decreased by 18.09%,the sugar acid ratio decreased by 25.24%and the titration acid content increased by 15.94%.According to PCA,the best harvesting time of control group in 2020 in the region was September 20,and the best harvesting time of infected grape was September 27.In summary,‘Cabernet Gernischt’can be infected with 8 kinds of grape viruses,the photosynthesis of diseased grapes decreases,and the accumulation of soluble solids,reducing sugars,tannins declines.Thus the harvesting period of wine grapes is postponed for a week.