“催收非法债务罪”的教义学分析

A Doctrinal Analysis of the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debts

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》增设的“催收非法债务罪”是对当下高利贷、套路贷盛行,诱发一系列违法犯罪,扰乱金融秩序、侵犯当事人权益的针对性回应,体现了积极的刑法立法观。但其罪状规定不够清晰,内涵外延均不明确,需要进一步予以教义学分析,寻求司法限缩路径。“催收非法债务罪”的债务性质、保护法益、具体的犯罪构成要件要素均需要准确把握和限定,避免轻罪设立带来的保护范围肆意扩大、司法实践任意裁量的负面效果,在打击老赖、维护债权人权益和维护公共秩序之间找到平衡点并维持法秩序的统一性。

The crime of collecting illegal debt added in the 11th Amendment to Criminal Law is a targeted response to the current prevalence of usury and routine loan,which induces a series of illegal crimes,disturbs the financial order,infringes the rights and interests of the parties,and reflects a positive view of criminal law legislation.However,the provisions of the crime are not clear,the connotation and the extension are not clear,so it needs further doctrinal analysis and seeks the path of judicial restriction.The debt nature of the crime of collection of illegal debt,the interests of the protection law and the specific elements of the crime need to be accurately grasped and defined to avoid the arbitrary expansion of the scope of protection brought by the establishment of miscrime and the negative effects of arbitrary judicial practice,so as to find a balance point between cracking down on the dependents,safeguarding creditors’rights and interests and maintaining public order,and maintain the unity of legal order.