德勒兹和加塔利的欲望哲学:从“机器”到“装配”

Deleuze and Guatari’s Philosophy of Desire:From“Machine”to“Assemblage”

在德勒兹和加塔利看来,精神分析学派错误地将欲望理解为负罪或匮乏,他们以一种主观预设的方式遮蔽了欲望内部的真正本质:关联性和生产性。为了彻底反拨精神分析对欲望的戕害,德勒兹和加塔利提出了一种“非匮乏”的欲望哲学——精神分裂分析。“机器”和“装配”是二人欲望哲学的重要组成部分,“机器”以打破界域的方式使欲望从稳定的表征体系中解放出来,而“装配”则在更深的容贯性平面上将欲望导向更积极的内在性生产。厘清德勒兹和加塔利欲望哲学的问题场域,梳理二人从“机器”到“装配”的思想流变,这对于我们反思精神分析对欲望思考的不足、理解当代法国哲学的欲望之思都具有非常重要的意义。

In Deleuze and Guattari’s view,the psychoanalytic school mistakenly understood desire as guilt or scarcity,and they covered the real essence of desire in a subjective presupposition:relevance and productiveness.In order to completely counteract the harm of psychoanalysis to desire,Deleuze and Guattari put forward a kind of“non-scarcity”desire philosophy:Schizoanalysis.“Machine”and“assemblage”are important components of their desire philosophy.“Machine”liberates desire from a stable representation system by breaking the boundary,while“assemblage”leads desire to a more positive internal production in a more inclusive plane.To clarify the problem field of Deleuze and Guattari’s desire philosophy and to sort out their ideological changes from“machine”to“assemblage”are of great significance for people to reflect on the inadequacy of psychoanalysis in desire thinking and understand the desire thinking of contemporary French philosophy.