2012-2021年新疆生产建设兵团第六师动物鼠疫监测分析

Analysis of animals plague surveillance in the Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2012 to 2021

目的 了解生产建设兵团第六师沿准噶尔盆地荒漠一带动物间鼠疫流行规律,为预测鼠疫疫情提供科学依据,并提出防控措施。方法 收集整理2012-2021年第六师沿准噶尔盆地荒漠一带鼠疫宿主动物、媒介、血清学和病原学监测资料,采用EXCEL 2013整理数据,使用SPSS 24.0软件统计分析数据。结果 2012-2021年第六师沿准噶尔盆地荒漠一带大沙鼠密度在3.71~6.05只/hm^(2),年均鼠密度为4.84只/hm2;夜行鼠年均捕获率为6.21%,不同年度夜行鼠捕获率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=283.446,P<0.05);大沙鼠体蚤总蚤指数为6.24,年均染蚤率为60.92%,不同年度鼠染蚤率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=370.093,P<0.05);大沙鼠洞干蚤指数2.08,染蚤率63.84%;共检测大沙鼠血清2 149份,鼠疫F1抗体阳性血清54份;共检测大沙鼠脏器1 181份,从活体大沙鼠中分离鼠疫菌1株。结论 第六师沿准噶尔盆地荒漠一带动物间鼠疫疫情仍处于较为活跃的流行状态;应加强联防联控,持续做好鼠疫监测,及时开展风险评估,防止人间鼠疫疫情的发生和流行。

Objective To understand the epidemic regularity of plague among animals in the desert area of Junggar Basin in the Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and provide scientific basis for the prediction of plague epidemic, and propose prevention and control measures. Methods The surveillance data of plague hosts, vectors, serology and etiology in the desert area of Junggar Basin from 2012 to 2021 were collected and analyzed with EXCEL 2013 and SPSS24.0 software. Results From 2012 to 2021, the density of R. grandus was 3.71-6.05/hm~2, and the average annual density was 4.84/hm~2in desert area of Junggar Basin. The annual average capture rate of nocturnal rodents was 6.21%, and there was significant difference(χ^(2)=283.446, P<0.05) among different years. The total flea index was 6.24, and the annual flea infection rate was 60.92%. There was significant difference in flea infection rate(χ^(2)=370.093, P<0.05) among different years.Flea index in main burrow was 2.08 and flea infestation rate was 63.84%. A total of 2 149 serum samples from gerbils were detected, and 54 sera were positive for plague F1 antibody. A total of 1 181 organs of gerbils were detected, and 1 strain of Yersinia pestis was isolated from living gerbils. Conclusions The plague epidemic among animals is still active in the desert area of Junggar Basin. It’s necessary to strengthen joint prevention and control efforts, and continuedly improve the plague surveillance, and carry out the risk assessment in time to prevent the occurrence and spread of human plague.