面向扩散渗析应用的阴离子交换膜研究进展

Research Progress of Anion Exchange Membranes for Diffusion Dialysis Applications

矿山开采、钛白粉加工、有色金属冶炼等过程会产生大量含金属离子的废酸液。扩散渗析是处理这类废酸液的简单有效、经济环保的方法。阴离子交换膜是扩散渗析处理废酸液的关键部件。本文总结了面向扩散渗析处理废酸液应用领域的阴离子交换膜的制备材料和制备方法,并分析了他们的特点;介绍了国内外常用的商品化扩散渗析阴离子交换膜,包括特点、应用效果等;最后,从如何打破膜的处理能力与分离效果之间的博弈效应、拓宽扩散渗析应用领域及保持膜在极端环境下的稳定性三个方面对扩散渗析阴离子交换膜的发展给出了建议。

Many acidic wastewaters containing metal ions are generated in the processes, including mining, titanium dioxide processing, nonferrous metal smelting. Anion exchange membranes are the key component for treating these acidic wastewaters through diffusion dialysis. This work summarized the materials and preparation methods of anion exchange membranes for diffusion dialysis, and the advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. The commercial anion exchange membranes for diffusion dialysis were also introduced, including their characteristics and application effect as well. Finally, suggestions for the development of diffusion dialysis anion exchange membranes were given in three aspects: how to break the "trade off" effect between the membrane processing capacity and separation effect, how to broaden the application field of diffusion dialysis and how to keep the membrane stability in extreme environment.