俄罗斯国家通用语言全球能力指数研究与新探

Research and Development of Global Competence Indexes for Russia’s National Commonly-used Language

俄罗斯于2022年发布了新版俄语全球能力指数测评报告,以量化形式展现俄语在独联体成立30年以来的发展情况和实力水平。新版测评报告兼顾国内与超国家两个层级,将原有9大参数进一步细化为10项参数和10个二级指标,考察领域更加多样、具体。文章以新版测评报告为数据蓝本,运用文献研究、比较研究和统计分析的基本方法,对报告进行详细介绍和综合分析。研究发现,俄语语言综合实力低于英语、西班牙语、汉语和法语,俄文学术刊物发表量和俄文网站数量占比较为突出,但语言发展不够稳定、凝聚力较弱,语言竞争存在短板。后苏联空间国家对俄语的使用态度两级分化较为严重,白俄罗斯、吉尔吉斯斯坦、哈萨克斯坦三国俄语“向心力”最强,波罗的海三国及乌克兰等国家使用俄语态度消极。俄语在后苏联空间整体的使用地位虽然有部分提升,但在教育领域、学术领域等方面依然面临不少现实问题。

To compare Russia’s national commonly-used capacity with the other prestige languages in the world, the Russian Federation published a new assessment report which consists of 10 first-level parameters and 10 second-level indicators in 2022. Both domestic and supranational levels are taken into account in this version, making it easier to quantify the development and strength of the Russian language in the 30 years since the founding of the Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS). Taking the new assessment report as the data architecture, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the report in details with the methods of literature research, comparative research and a multi-index comprehensive evaluation approach. The main results show that firstly, Russian is ranked 5th among the other 11 prestige languages in the world, behind English, Spanish, Chinese and French;secondly, although the number of Russian academic publications and the proportion of Russian websites have always been comparatively high, there are still shortcomings in the global language competition, such as instability of its language development and relatively weak cohesion of language;thirdly, the attitude towards the use of Russian in the post-Soviet space is also polarized. Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan are more willing to learn and use Russian, while the three Baltic countries and Ukraine have a negative attitude. Besides, although the overall status of Russian has been partially improved, it still faces quite a few practical problems in the field of education and academic fields.