失独者精神困境的演进特征及政策建议:基于哀伤理论视角

The Evolution Characteristics of the Mental Distress of Parents Who Have Lost Their Only Child and Policy Suggestion——From the perspective of grief theory

失独者因其特殊的丧亲经历面临较为严重的精神困境。研究基于哀伤理论,通过对35位失独者的深度访谈,探究了失独者的精神困境及其演进特征。失独者的精神困境体现在面对刺激物的哀伤反应以及“永远走不出去”的哀伤过程。失独者的哀伤过程呈现动态趋势,因刺激物的影响反复在失控和可控状态中拉扯。针对失独者的这类精神困境,政府可从构建并强化精神慰藉丧亲扶持等心理扶持的相关工作机制;提升公众的关爱意识,为失独者回归社会营造良好的社会氛围;充分发动社会力量,引导专业社会组织介入,优化扶持政策,为失独群体提供更具针对性的精神扶持,构建精神生活共同富裕的社区治理新格局。

The group of people who have lost their only child are faced with a serious spiritual dilemma due to their unique bereaved experiences.From the perspective of grief theory,this article investigates the spiritual dilemma and the grief process of the group who have lost their only child through in-depth interviews over 35 bereaved parents.The serious spiritual dilemma of this group is reflected in the grief process of"never being able to get out".The grief process of the bereaved group is dynamic rather than static.Due to the influence of"stimulators",the grief process repeatedly tearing between a state of control and loss of control.To deal with the bereaved group’s spiritual dilemma,the government can strengthen the mechanism of psychological support such as spiritual comfort and bereavement support,upgrade the care awareness of the public and create a favorable social atmosphere for the bereaved to return to society,fully mobilize the forces of social organizations,optimize support policies to provide more targeted spiritual support for the bereaved group,build a new pattern of community governance for the common prosperity in spiritual life.