《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》:在文学与法律之间

Between Literature and Law:A Case Study of The Brothers Karamazov

陀思妥耶夫斯基的最后一部小说《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》以某个小城中一个家庭为主线,讲述了一个“弑父”的故事,涉及四个儿子:实际的“弑父者”——私生子斯乜尔加科夫;修辞上的“弑父者”——长子德米特里·卡拉马佐夫;思想上的“弑父者”——次子伊万·卡拉马佐夫;信仰上的“弑父者”——最小的儿子、纯洁的圣徒却也曾经希望父亲死去的阿辽沙。小说由此引发出一系列颇值得关注的与文学与法律相关的话题:他们是否都有“罪”,“罪”如何界定,是法律意义上的“罪”还是思想、道德意义上的“罪”,如何实现公正的审判,法律如何对待那些有“罪”之人,如何在寻找真相,作“正义判决”的同时,倾听一下那些“不幸的人”的故事,如何让罪犯获得真正的救赎。“法律”与“文学”,“正义之剑”与“慈悲之泪”有时并不矛盾。文学视野中的法律,体现的是一种独特的视角,自有他不可替代的价值与意义。

F.Dostoevsky’s last novel,The Brothers Karamazov,tells a story of patricide in a small town of Russia:the landowner Fyodor Karamazov is murdered,and the actual patricide-the bastard son Smergakov;the rhetorical patricide-the eldest son,Dmitry Karamazov;the ideological patricide-the second son,Ivan Karamazov and the patricide in faith-Alyosha,the youngest son and pure saint who also wished his father dead.Dostoevsky’s masterpiece has triggered a series of topics related to literature and law that are worth paying attention to:Are the four sons all guilty?How to define their"sin"Is it a"sin"in the legal sense or a"sin"in the ideological and moral sense?How to achieve a fair trial?How should the law treat those who are"guilty",how should it listen to the story of those"unfortunate people"while seeking the truth and delivering a"just verdict",and how can the criminals be truly redeemed?Law and literature,"the sword of justice"and"tears of mercy",are not always contradictory to each other,and the law in literary vision reflects a unique perspective and has its own irreplaceable value and significance.