论清末民国社、刊共生型旧体文学团体

An Analysis of the Old-Style Literary Groups in the Symbiosis between the Societies and Publications in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

清末民国时期,出现了一批报刊与社团呈共生状态的旧体文学团体,它们是近现代社会大变革的“新陈代谢”中反映旧体文学艰难生存状况的一个截面,也是这一历史阶段特有的文化现象。辛亥革命之前至五四运动之后,身份庞杂的转型期知识群体始终在寻觅着适宜旧体文学生存、传播的新土壤,试图将传统诗词社移植、嫁接至报刊这种新兴媒介中。社、刊之间的结合共生使得文艺报刊相继成了文人墨客怡情遣兴、释恨排忧的“游戏场”,新兴中小知识分子振兴国学、维持风雅的“宣传阵地”,以及令传统文人旧经验、旧志趣得以栖身且青年旧学爱好者兴趣得以发展的精神世界“后花园”,反映出旧体文学内部的自我变革与更新。

In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,a number of old-style literary groups with newspapers,periodicals and associations emerged in a symbiotic state,which constituted a cross-section of the"metabolism"of the great changes in modern society that reflected the difficult survival of old-style literature,and was also a unique cultural phenomenon in that historical stage.Before the Revolution of 1911 and after the May 4th Movement,the intellectual community in the transition period with a large and complex identity had been looking for a new soil suitable for the survival and dissemination of old-style literature,and tried to transplant and graft the traditional poetry society into the emerging medium of newspapers and periodicals.The combination and symbiosis between the society and the periodicals have made literary and art newspapers and periodicals successively become a"playground"for literati to relax for their pleasure and relieve their hatred and sorrow,a"propaganda position"for the emerging middle and small intellectuals to revitalize Chinese culture and maintain elegance,and a"back garden"in the spiritual world where traditional literati’s old experiences and interests can live on and the interests of the young enthusiasts of old learning can develop.