基层社会治理何以有效——一项对社区在地文化的社会学分析

Why Grassroots Social Governance Is Effective:A Sociological Analysis of One Local Culture of the Community

基层社会治理的一个重要任务是在党建引领下发动居民自治,提升社会治理效能。自上而下的党建引领之所以能够发挥作用,关键在于社会中有一种自下而上的呼应力量。它来自在地文化的激发,尤其是那些意会层面的社区“活”文化。在成都社区中就有一种区域性的在地文化——坝坝文化。但不限于此,在地文化还包括人际交往中的将心比心、设身处地原则以及家文化中的“为了子孙后代”的社会动力机制,等等。这些不同类别的文化在社区治理中发挥至关重要的作用,是基层社会治理的法宝。这些社区中的“活”的文化,生长自民间,存活在人心之中,是可使用、可传承的而非生造的文化,是社区治理中最值得珍视的社会性资源。这些“活”的文化有两类载体:物和人。而我们对在地文化的保护也应该从这两方面展开,这是保障基层社会治理不断取得成效的源头活水。

An important task of grassroots social governance is to mobilize residents’ autonomy under the guidance ofparty building and improve the effectiveness of social governance. The reason why thetop-down leadership in partybuilding can be effective is that there is a bottom-up echoing force in society,which comes from the inspiration of lo-cal culture,especially the“living”culture of the community at the conscious level. In the Chengdu community,there is a regional local culture—Baba culture,but it is not limited to this. The local culture also includes the prin-ciple of putting oneself in others’ position and empathy in interpersonal communication,and the social dynamicmechanism of“for future generations”in family culture,and many more. These different types of culture play a vi-tal role in community governance and are one magic weapon for grassroots social governance. The“living”culturein these communities grows from the people and stay in the hearts of the people. It is usable and inheritable,ratherthan a manufactured culture. It is the most cherished social resource in community governance. These“living”cul-tures have two types of carriers: things and people. And our protection of local culture should also be carried outfrom these two aspects,which are the source to ensure the continuous effectiveness of grassroots social governance.