神经嵴细胞的研究进展

Research Progress on Neural Crest Cells

神经嵴细胞是一种由胚胎外胚层细胞在发育过程中产生的暂时性的细胞群。神经嵴细胞具有自我更新和多潜能分化的特征。神经嵴细胞有很强的迁移能力,能够到达胚胎内的任何位置,它们能够在所到达的位置定植并成为祖细胞或分化成不同的细胞系,包括外周神经系统的神经元、内分泌细胞、平滑肌细胞和肌腱细胞等。该细胞群广泛参与组织损伤修复过程并且与实质性器官纤维化相关。该文就神经嵴细胞的生物学特性、迁移和分化机制、在组织损伤修复中的作用及在纤维化中的作用进行综述。

Neural crest cells are a temporary cell population produced by embryonic ectoderm cells during development.Neural crest cells have the characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotent differentiation.Neural crest cells have strong migration ability and can reach any position of the embryo.They can colonize and become progenitor cells or differentiate into different cell lines,including neurons of the peripheral nervous system,endocrine cells,smooth muscle cells and tendon cells.This cell population is widely involved in the process of tissue damage repair and is associated with substantial organ fibrosis.This article reviews the biological characteristics,migration and differentiation mechanism of neural crest cells,as well as their role in tissue injury repair and their role in fibrosis.