中国生猪养殖业高质量发展的现实需求、内涵特征与路径选择

High-quality Development of Chinese Pig Breeding Industry:Realistic Needs,Connotation Features and Path Selection

中国生猪生产方式转变的历史进程中,生猪生产与猪肉消费产生了一系列深刻的变化,造成了农牧关系渐行渐远、市场价格波动加剧、地方种质资源流失、优质猪肉供给不足等一系列现实问题,导致生猪养殖业总体资源配置效率不高。中国生猪养殖业高质量发展应该具备多元的内涵特征,一是产出高效的养殖技术与生产组织,二是环境友好的种养结合与适度规模,三是满足消费需求的优质安全多样化的产品结构,四是产销对接的生产布局与供应链系统。为实现中国生猪养殖业高质量发展,本文提出的基本策略和路径选择是,优化组织形式、提高生产效率,回归适度规模、种养结合、低碳养殖,促进产业政策的长效性、稳定性和精准性,建立产销平衡的养殖布局,推进地方种质资源保护与可持续发展。

In the historical process of Chinese pig production mode transformation, a series of profound changes have occurred in pig production and pork consumption, resulting in a series of realistic issues such as the gradual separation of farming and animal husbandry, large fluctuations in market prices, loss of local pig resources and insufficient supply of high-quality pork.These issues lead to a low efficiency of overall resource allocation in the pig breeding industry.The high-quality development of Chinese pig breeding industry should have multiple connotation characteristics.The first one is to produce efficient breeding technology and production organization, the second one is combination of planting and moderate scale breeding in an environmentally friendly form, the third one is a high-quality, safe and diversified product structure that meets consumer demand, and the fourth one is the production layout and supply chain system of production and consumption connection.In order to achieve the high-quality development of Chinese pig breeding industry, the basic strategies and paths are: to optimize the organizational form and increase productivity, return to the breeding mode of moderate scale, combination of planting, breeding and low-carbon, maintain long-lasting, precise and stabile industrial policy, establish a breeding layout that balances production and consumption, promote the protection and sustainable development of local pig resources.