民国初年的军队防疫与军阀政治

Military Epidemic Prevention and Warlord Politics in the Early Years of the Republic of China

民国初年,传染病的肆虐严重影响着军人的生命安全和军队的战斗力。为了应对疫情,陆军部颁行了一系列军队防疫法规,各地军队制定了具体的防疫措施和办法,军队也较注重防疫人才的培养和防疫知识的传播。在国家与地方的防疫事业中,军队在参与地方防疫组织、阻断交通、委派军医等方面发挥着重要作用。民初的疫情防控也反映了军阀政治的特点,地方政权军事化削弱了中央政府抗疫能力,防疫过程往往贯穿着军阀对地方权力的控制与争夺,展示了军阀政治下国家防疫的困境和艰难。

In the early years of the Republic of China,infectious diseases seriously affected the life safety and combat effectiveness of soldiers.The Army Department issued a series of military epidemic prevention laws and regulations,the local armies formulated specific measures and methods for epidemic prevention,and they also paid more attention to the cultivation of epidemic prevention talents and the spread of epidemic prevention knowledge.In the national and local epidemic prevention work,the army played an important role in participating in local epidemic prevention organizations,blocking traffic and appointing military doctors.Furthermore,the epidemic prevention and control in the early Republic of China also reflected the characteristics of warlord politics.The militarization of local governments weakened the ability of the central government to fight against the epidemic.The process of epidemic prevention often ran through the Warlord’s control for local power.The Warlord’s scuffle also increased the difficulty of epidemic prevention and control.All of these showed the dilemma of the national epidemic prevention under the warlord politics.