论智利思想家毕尔巴鄂对“拉丁美洲”概念的建构

On the Construction of the Concept of “Latin America” by Chilean Ideologist Francisco Bilbao

当前学界普遍认为“拉丁美洲”这一名词出自法国人或哥伦比亚人之手,然而,对历史文献的研究表明,这一概念的建构者实为智利思想家弗朗西斯科·毕尔巴鄂。长久以来,“拉丁美洲”概念的生成并未受到足够关注,这对理解拉美地区以及生活在这片土地之上的人民造成很大障碍。通过对大量西班牙语和法语一手文献材料的研究,“拉丁美洲”概念生成的历史脉络逐渐清晰,同时,这一概念建构者的形象也愈发丰盈。毕尔巴鄂对其身处的政治、社会、文化环境倍感忧虑,对于他者的文明与野蛮认知深刻,他怀揣对美好未来的期待,构建出“拉丁美洲”这一属于所有“拉丁美洲人”的身份概念。

The current academic circles generally believe that the term“Latin America”comes from a French or a Colombian.However,research on historical documents shows that the designer of this concept was indeed a Chilean ideologist,Francisco Bilbao.For a long time,the concept of“Latin America”has not received enough attention,which has created a great obstacle to understanding this region and the people living on this land.By using a lot of first-hand materials in Spanish and French,this article tries to sort out the history of the phrase of“Latin America”and analyze the people who created this concept.Bilbao was worried about the political,social and cultural environment in which he lived;he also has a deep understanding of the civilization and barbarism of others.With anticipation for a better future,Bilbao constructed the concept of“Latin America”,an identity concept that belongs to all“Latin Americans”.