明初朱元璋关于建都的思考与抉择

Zhu Yuanzhang’s Thoughts and Choices on Building the Capital in the Early Ming Dynasty

大明王朝建国之始,国都选址问题深深困扰着朱元璋。迁延十余年之久,朱元璋方折中以南京为国都。朱元璋对国都的思考经历了不同的阶段。明朝草创之际,以应天为中心,图谋天下;天下大定之时,意欲建都北京(开封),经营北方;更有营造帝乡凤阳为国都之举。洪武初年逐渐演变成“两京一都”的奇特格局。其形成有时代大背景下深厚的历史原因,也有朱元璋个人独特的思考因素。朱元璋选择南京为大明国都对明朝之后的政治走向产生了深远影响。

At the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was deeply troubled by the issue of the location of the capital. After more than ten years of delay, Zhu Yuanzhang chose Nanjing city as the capital in a compromise.Zhu Yuanzhang’s thinking on the national capital has gone through different stages.When the Ming Dynasty was first established, he took Yingtian as the center and plotted the world.When the world was settled, he wanted to establish Beijing(Kaifeng city) as the capital to manage the north.He even made Fengyang, the imperial hometown, as the capital of the country.In the early years of Hongwu city, a peculiar pattern of “two capitals and one capital”was gradually formed. Its formation has profound historical reasons under the background of the times, as well as Zhu Yuanzhang’s unique thinking factors.Zhu Yuanzhang’s choice of Nanjing city as the capital of Ming Dynasty had a profound impact on the political trend after the Ming Dynasty.