长距离迁移对流动人口健康水平的影响——基于流动人口动态监测数据的分析

Impact of Long-distance Migration on Health:Evidence from China Monitoring Dynamic Survey

利用2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,以流动人口跨越行政边界类型界定迁移距离,来考察迁移距离对健康的影响和机制作用。研究表明:①长距离迁移对健康具有促进作用,采用工具变量法、倾向值匹配法和关键变量置换法3种方法对此结果进行稳健性检验,结果稳健。②长距离迁移降低了居留时间和工作时长对健康的损害作用,同时强化了医疗保险和劳动合同对健康的保护作用。③适应性风险和健康生产资本是迁移距离与健康关联的解释机制,长距离迁移通过降低适应性风险和提高健康生产资本提升总体健康水平。

With the development of social economy,the migration scale of China’s floating population has gradually increased,and the migration distance has continued to extend.However,the existing studies have neglected the migration process,especially the potential impact of migration distance on health when examining the relationship between migration and health.This study constructed a study on the relationship between long-distance migration and health based on the basic hypothesis of rational people.This study believes that long-distance migration is a cost for those who migrate for the purpose of economic benefits.Therefore,long-distance migration may protect the health level of floating population through some health risk avoidance mechanisms.For this reason,this study uses the dynamic monitoring survey data of China’s floating population in 2017 to define the migration distance based on the type of floating population crossing the administrative boundary,to examine the impact of migration distance on health and its mechanism.The research shows that:1)Long distance migration has a promoting effect on health.The robustness of the results was tested by three methods,namely,instrumental variable method,propensity value matching method and key variable replacement method,and the results were robust.2)Long distance migration reduces the damage to health caused by the length of stay and working hours,while strengthening the protection of health by medical insurance and labor contracts.3)Adaptive risk and health production capital are the explanation mechanism of the relationship between migration distance and health.Long distance migration improves the overall health level by reducing adaptive risk and improving health production capital.