摘要
Protein homeostasis(proteostasis)is a dynamic balance of protein synthesis and degradation.Because of the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and the massive transfer of their genetic information to the nucleus of the host cell,many protein complexes in the chloroplasts are constituted from subunits encoded by both genomes.Hence,the proper function of chloroplasts relies on the coordinated expression of chloroplast-and nucleus-encoded genes.The biogenesis and maintenance of chloroplast proteostasis are dependent on synthesis of chloroplast-encoded proteins,import of nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins from the cytosol,and clearance of damaged or otherwise undesired“old”proteins.This review focuses on the regulation of chloroplast proteostasis,its interactionwith proteostasis of the cytosol,and its retrograde control over nuclear gene expression.We also discuss significant issues and perspectives for future studies and potential applications for improving the photosynthetic performance and stress tolerance of crops.
基金
funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC
32070299,32270285)
the Shanghai Pujiang Program(20PJ1405600)
the Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds(ZXWH2150201/014)
the Partner Group program of the Max Planck Society to G.-Z.W.
