为何选择师范教育专业?——基于县域高中毕业生大学专业选择的实证研究

Why Choose a Major in Education:An Empirical Study Based on the College Major Choices of County High School Graduates

吸引优秀高中毕业生选择师范教育专业是培养壮大教师队伍的重要途径。基于专业选择的分析视角,通过混合方法,对贵州某县级市2020届高中毕业生大学专业选择进行研究,探讨县域学生选择师范教育专业的影响因素与解释逻辑。研究发现,影响学生考前专业选择意愿与高考录取结果的因素存在差异,低阶层学生虽然更愿意选择师范教育专业,但在高考中无法实现升学目标。从专业选择的原因来看,在注重兴趣与社会需要的同时,选择师范教育专业的学生更看重“未来就业可进入体制内,工作稳定”与“父母家人的希望或要求”。研究认为,县域学生对师范教育专业的选择同时整合了经济化的理性选择与县域场域文化规训在内的双重逻辑,经济性因素的影响贯穿学生专业选择的全过程。研究结论可为公费师范生及“优师计划”等特殊类型招生政策的完善、县域中小学职业生涯教育的推进提供参考。

Attracting excellent high school graduates to choose education majors is the important prerequisite for training and increasing teachers.Based on the theoretical perspective of major choice,this paper examines the college major choices of 2020 high school graduates in a county-level city in Guizhou through a mixed-methods approach.It explores the factors and explanatory logic that influence county students’choices of education major.The study found that factors influencing students’major choice intentions before the college entrance examination differed from those influencing college admission results.Although lower social class students preferred to major in education,they were unable to achieve their major goal in the college entrance examination.In terms of the reasons for choosing majors,while focusing on their interests and social needs,students who choose education majors placed more emphasis on“employment in the public sector and job stability”and“family’s hope or requirement”.The study argued that county students’choices of education majors integrated both logics,including the economized rational choice and cultural discipline of the county field.The influence of economic factors is present throughout students’major choices.The findings provide suggestions for the reform of the special admission programs for normal students and the promotion of career education in county schools.