摘要
目的了解陕西省西安市新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)聚集性暴发期间确诊病例的流行病学特征,探索德尔塔(Delta)新冠病毒变异株引发疫情的防控策略。方法回顾性查阅西安市COVID-19其中一所定点收治医院西安市人民医院确诊病例基本资料、诊断分型、首发症状等数据进行分析。结果703例COVID-19确诊病例中,男女性别比为1.16∶1,年龄范围10个月~94岁,中位年龄33岁,主要以轻型(58.46%)和普通型(39.12%)为主,其中70.13%患者完成两针新冠疫苗接种,13.51%患者未接种过新冠疫苗;COVID-19首发症状以咳嗽、咽部症状、发热最为多见,分别占42.96%、29.87%、25.60%,另有129例患者疾病初期自觉无明显症状;患者年龄和疫苗接种情况对疾病分型影响均有统计学意义(P<0.05),≥60岁患者是重型(57.14%)或危重型(66.67%)病例高发人群,未接种疫苗患者导致重型(50.00%)或危重型(66.67%)发病率高。结论陕西省西安市本次由Delta新冠病毒变异株引发的本土疫情聚集性暴发传播力强,传播速度快,根据人群分布特点,需重点关注婴幼儿及老年人群的防控,应加强流调能力,精准追踪与隔离密接者,早期识别与干预病情进展;在日常防控中不能仅以发热作为典型症状进行监测,应提高症状监测的全面性和敏锐度;普及疫苗接种仍然是保护易感人群的有效措施之一。
OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Xi’an,Shaanxi Province during cluster outbreak and explore the prevention and control strategies for the epidemic caused by the Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant.METHODS The confirmed cases of COVID-19 who were treated in Xi′an People’s Hospital,a designated hospital,were enrolled in the study,the data of the patients such as baseline data,diagnostic types and initial symptoms were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS Among 703 confirmed cases of COVID-19,the gender ratio of male to female was 1.16∶1,the age ranged between 10 months and 94 years old,with the median age 33 years old;the patients with mild symptoms(58.46%)and the patients with common symptoms(39.12%)were dominant.70.13%of the patients were vaccinated with 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine,13.51%have not been vaccinated.In terms of the initial symptoms of COVID-19,the patients with cough accounted for 42.96%,the patients with pharyngeal symptoms accounted for 29.87%,and the patients with fever accounted for 25.60%.Totally 129 patients did not have obvious symptoms during the initial stage.There was significant difference in the influence of age and vaccination on severity of disease(P<0.05).The patients aged no less than 60 years old were the high-risk population for the severe(57.14%)and critically severe(66.67%)symptoms;the morbidity rates of severe symptoms(50.00%)and critically severe symptoms(66.67%)were high among the patients without vaccination.CONCLUSION The local cluster outbreak caused by Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant in Xi’an,Shaanxi province are characterized by strong transmission power and fast transmission.It is necessary to focus on the prevention and control among the populations of infants and old people,enhance the epidemiological surgery,precisely trace and isolate close contacts,identify and take interventions to illness condition in early stage.In daily prevention and control,fever,as a typical symptom,should be monitored,and it is necessary to boost the comprehensiveness and sensitivity of symptom monitoring.Universal vaccination remains one of the effective measures for protection of vulnerable populations.
作者
沈丽
付婷
贺真
高蓓
许文
石秀兵
SHEN Li;FU Ting;HE Zhen;GAO Bei;XU Wen;SHI Xiu-bing(The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710032,China;不详)
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第22期3366-3369,共4页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
基金
陕西省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(2021 JQ-341)。