医疗机构内人类猴痘传播特点及其防控对策

Transmission characteristics and prevention strategy for human monkeypox in healthcare settings

猴痘是由猴痘病毒感染所致的一种病毒性人畜共患病,是继20世纪80年代全球消除天花以来,人类最重要和关切的正痘病毒。2022年5月以来,猴痘疫情在全球范围快速传播,为此,世界卫生组织依据《国际卫生条例(2005)》于7月23日宣布,猴痘疫情列为“国际关注公共卫生紧急事件”,从而改变了以往认为猴痘病毒不会在人际间持续传播,不会造成重大公共健康问题的观念。目前,人类猴痘的人际传播主要表现为社区获得性感染,但是医疗机构传播时有发生。为此,本文就人类猴痘的病原学特点、猴痘病毒对消毒因子的敏感性、医疗机构传播特点、实验室相关感染、预防与控制等进行文献综述。

Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus infection.Monkeypox virus(MPXV)is the most important Orthopoxvirus in human beings since smallpox was eliminated worldwide in the 1980s.In response to the rapid global spread of monkeypox outbreaks since May 2022,World Health Organization announced on 23 July according to the International Health Regulations(2005),monkeypox was classified as a public health emergency of international concern,which changing the previous belief that monkeypox virus could not spread continuously from person to person and would not cause major public health issue.At present,human-to-human transmission of monkeypox is mainly manifested as community-acquired infection,but transmission happens in healthcare settings in some time.This article reviews the etiological characteristics of human monkeypox virus,the sensitivity of monkeypox virus to disinfection factors,the transmission characteristics of healthcare settings,laboratory-associated infections,prevention and control for monkeypox.