商标惩罚性赔偿的司法适用困境与对策——基于448份判决书的实证分析

The Dilemma and Countermeasure of Judicial Application of Punitive Damage in Trademark Infringement——An Empirical Analysis Based on 448 Judgments

《商标法》第63条规定,可以对具有主观恶意且情节严重的商标侵权行为处以惩罚性赔偿。通过对近几年商标惩罚性赔偿的案例分析发现,在商标侵权纠纷的司法实践中,惩罚性赔偿未得到充分适用。究其原因,并非仅仅是侵权行为不存在恶意或者情节不够严重,更为重要的是法定赔偿的泛化适用导致商标惩罚性赔偿的基数难以确定。为了充分发挥商标惩罚性赔偿的制度功效,应厘清法定赔偿与惩罚性赔偿的制度功能,将法定赔偿作为惩罚性赔偿的基数之一,在商标侵权损害赔偿中构建起权利人因被侵权所受到的实际损失、侵权人因侵权所获得的利益、注册商标许可使用费和法定赔偿用于填平权利人损失,惩罚性赔偿用于惩罚恶意侵权人的二元商标侵权损害赔偿体系。

According to article 63 of the Trademark Law, the punitive damage can be imposed on the trademark infringement with malicious and serious circumstances.Through the analysis of cases of trademark punitive damage in recent years, it is found that in the judicial practice of trademark infringement disputes, punitive damages have not been fully applied.The reason is not that there is no malicious infringement or the circumstances are not serious enough, but the more important reason is that the generalized application of legal compensation makes it difficult to determine the base of trademark punitive damages.In order to fully give play to the effect of the trademark punitive damage system, the author suggests that the system function of the legal compensation and the punitive damage should be clarified, and the legal compensation should be regarded as one of the bases of the punitive damage.In dealing with the trademark infringement damage, it is necessary to construct the binary trademark infringement damage system in which, the actual loss suffered by the right holder due to the infringement, the benefits obtained by the infringer due to infringement, the licensing fee of the registered trademark, and the legal compensation should be added up to fill the loss of the right holder, and the punitive damage is used to punish the malicious infringer.