术业有专攻——专长研究视角下第三方如何有效参与社区治理

Everyone Has Their Own Expertise:How Does the Third Sector Effectively Engage in Community Governance from the Studies of Experience and Expertise Perspective

第三方参与社区治理是中国基层社会治理的重要议题。文章在专长研究视角下,提出专长平衡、专长边界、专长冗余三个关联概念,讨论社会组织有效参与的专长逻辑,以加强专长理论与社会组织研究的对话。以万象中心为个案的研究发现:专长并非由社会组织所独占,社区治理存在多个专家和多种专长;贡献专长是社会组织的立身之本,交互专长可以突破专长边界,情境专长是社区治理共同体形成的基础;社会组织的有效参与需要平衡多种专长、避免专长冗余、建构专长边界。在社会组织、政府、民众沉浸到具体情境中共同学习,社会组织通过参引实现跨界运用专长并形成新领域时,专长边界被消解,承认和尊重专长成为可能。但同时,各个主体又在自发建构专长边界,而这种建构存在着权力异化。

The participation of the third sector in community governance is an essential issue in China’s grassroots social governance. From the perspective of the studies of experience and expertise(SEE), the article proposes three related concepts, including expertise balance, expertise boundary, and expertise redundancy. Then, this paper discusses the expertise logic behind the effective participation of the third sector, hoping to strengthen the dialogue between SEE and social organization research. Based on the case study of Wanxiang Center, we find that social organizations do not exclusively own expertise, and multiple experts owing a variety of expertise exist in community governance. Contributory expertise is the foundation of social organizations;interactional expertise can break through the boundaries among expertise;contextual expertise is the foundation for forming the community of community governance. Balancing multiple expertise, avoiding expertise redundancy, and constructing expertise boundaries guarantee effective participation of social organizations. Social organizations, public sectors, and citizens immerse themselves in specific situations to learn together;social organizations realize the cross-boundary application of expertise and create new fields through referring expertise. These activities dissolve the boundaries and enable the recognition of expertise. Simultaneously, multiple actors spontaneously and individually construct the boundaries, though alienated by their power, to realize cooperation.