核电厂用橡胶的辐照老化与防护

Radiation Aging and Protection of Several Rubbers Used in Nuclear Power Plant

介绍了核电厂规模使用的几种橡胶的辐照老化机理以及橡胶的防护方法。三元乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶、氢化丁腈橡胶的辐照老化以交联反应为主导,氟橡胶的辐照老化以降解反应为主导。基于辐照老化机理,提出防护措施:增加橡胶的柔顺性,提高橡胶分子链运动灵活度;添加功能填料/助剂,增强橡胶的屏蔽能力;添加自由基捕捉剂,以减少或消除活性自由基,形成稳态分子。

The radiation aging mechanism and protection methods of several rubbers used in nuclear power plants were introduced.The radiation aging of EPDM,NBR and HNBR was dominated by cross-linking reaction,and the radiation aging of fluororubber was dominated by degradation reaction.Based on the mechanism of radiation aging,the protective measures were proposed:increase the flexibility of rubber and improve the flexibility of rubber molecular chain movement;Add fuctional additives to enhance the shielding ability of rubber;Add free radical scavengers to reduce or eliminate active free radicals and form steady-state molecules.