乡村鹭鸟栖息地设计策略探析——以湖南省宁乡市箭楼村为例

Exploring the Design Strategy of Rural Heron Habitat:Taking Jianlou Village in Ningxiang City,Hunan Province as an Example

乡村具有广阔的地理空间、多样的生境类型和丰富的食物资源,是鹭鸟栖息的重要场所。鹭鸟是常见的涉禽,其栖息情况能够反映出生态环境的优劣。湖南省宁乡市箭楼村具有山地、树林、漫滩、溪流、农田等多类生境,鹭鸟资源丰富。基于鹭鸟在觅食环境、营巢区域、惊飞情况等方面的习性,总结出水环境、植物、干扰等方面的设计要求。以箭楼村为例,提出设计策略:漫滩区域中,营造缓流浅滩、打造鸟岛生境、丰富基底地形与材质、近自然改造驳岸形态、分层布局斑块式植物组团等;农田周边区域中,维持农田基础、拓宽加固河岸、调整河床底质、净化水体、梳理植被、阻隔视线等;树林区域中,连通小片树林、阻隔人类活动、丰富人工林群落、补充针对性树种等,为乡村区域的鹭鸟保护性设计提供思路。

The countryside,with its vast geographical space,diverse habitat types and rich food resources,is an important habitat for herons.Herons are common wading birds,and their habitats can reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the ecological environment.Jian Lou Village in Ning Xiang City,Hunan Province,has a variety of habitats,including mountains,woods,rambling beaches,streams,and farmland,and is rich in heron resources.This paper summarizes the design requirements for water environment,plants and disturbance based on the habits of herons in terms of foraging environment,nesting area and frightening flight conditions.Taking Jian Lou Village as an example,the design strategy is proposed as follows:in the area of diffuse beach,the creation of slow flowing shallow beach,creation of bird island habitat,enrichment of substrate topography and material,the near-natural transformation of barge form,layering of patchy plant groups,etc.In the area around farmland,the maintenance of farmland foundation,widening and strengthening of river banks,adjustment of riverbed substrate,purification of water bodies,grooming of vegetation,and blocking of view,etc.In the area around the woods,we connect small woods,block human activities,enrich the plantation community,supplement the targeted tree species,etc.,providing ideas for the design of heron protection in the countryside.