基于红外相机的校园绿地集水池生物多样性提升效果研究

Using Camera Traps to Detect the Enhancement Effect of Collection Pool on Biodiversity in Campus Green Spaces

校园绿地是城市中重要的生物栖息地岛屿,也是城市居民休闲活动的重要场所。集水池是重要的绿色基础设施,对生物多样性提升具有较高的价值,并可能受植被和水体等因素的影响。以西北农林科技大学校园为研究地,利用红外相机技术,在不同层次植被和水体条件下设置模拟集水池,探究校园绿地的集水池对鸟类、小型兽类多样性的提升效果。在2022年7-9月间共获得有效照片1398张,记录到鸟类20种,小型兽类6种。研究发现,在不同层次植被和水体条件下,集水池附近的鸟类物种β多样性的嵌套组分比例高于空间周转组分。植被层次和水体距离对集水池的鸟类物种丰富度贡献显著,对兽类丰富度贡献不显著。在靠近水体(距离<30 m)时,鸟类丰富度随着层次的增加而增加,在远离水体(距离>30 m)时,乔木+草本植被的鸟类丰富度显著高于单草本层和乔木+灌木+草本多层植被。小型兽类丰富度受植被层次和水体距离的作用不明显。在优势种多度的影响方面,植被层次对集水池附近的乌鸫多度贡献显著(P<0.05),水体距离作用不明显。植被层次越简单,集水池附近乌鸫的多度越高。在远离水体时,集水池附近流浪猫的多度随植被稀疏程度增加而显著增加(P<0.05),在靠近水体时,作用不明显。基于此,建议在城市园林规划设计中,于远离水体处设置集水池,并控制单层草本植被在绿地中的比例,以期在完善雨水收集系统的同时,更有效地提高生物多样性。

Campus green spaces are important habitat islands in urban environments and important places for leisure activities for urban residents.Water collection pools are important green infrastructure.It has a high value for biodiversity enhancement and may be affected by factors such as vegetation and water bodies.This study selected the campus of Northwest A&F University,Shaanxi,China,as the research site.To detect the biodiversity enhancement effects of water collection pools,the simulated water collection pools were set up under different vegetation structures and water source conditions with camera traps.From July to September 2022,a total of 1398 valid photographs were obtained,and 20 species of birds and six species of small mammals were recorded.Results showed that the proportion of nested components composed of bird speciesβdiversity was higher than that of spatial turnover components among different vegetation and water conditions.The vegetation structure and distance from the water body contributed significantly to the bird richness near the water collection pools but not significantly to mammal richness.The bird richness was increased with the number of vegetation layers when close to the water body(distance<30 m).The bird richness near collection pools with the arbour-herb layer vegetation was significantly higher than herb layer vegetation and arbour-shrub-herb vegetation when away from the water body(distance>30 m).For the contribution to the abundance of dominant species,the vegetation structure contributed significantly to the Turdus merula abundance near water collection pools,but the water distance was not.The simpler the vegetation structure,the higher Turdus merula abundance near the water collection pools.When away from the water body,the abundance of feral cats(Felinae)near water collection pools was significantly increased with the increase of vegetation sparseness(P<0.05),and the effect was not obvious when close to the water body.Based on these,we suggest that water collection pools should be set up away from water bodies,and the proportion of single herb layer vegetation in the garden should be limited to improve the rainwater collecting system and improve biodiversity efficiently in the urban garden planning and design.