“市场扭曲”标准演进视阈下欧盟外国补贴立法对中国的影响与对策

The Influence of the EU Foreign Subsidy Legislation on China from a Perspective of the Evolvement of“Market Distortion”Criterion and the Countermeasures

2021年5月,欧盟委员会公布了《关于外国补贴扭曲内部市场相关条例草案》,代表了欧盟“市场扭曲”标准的最新发展,体现了欧盟不断革新其贸易保护政策,强化贸易防卫手段的态度。“市场扭曲”标准的演进折射出欧盟在贸易防卫手段方面的两个变化:其一,完成了从中国“入世”义务到一般贸易救济规则的过渡;其二,完成了从反倾销要件到反补贴要件的移植。欧盟推动“市场扭曲”标准的发展不仅造成中国企业对外投资受限,还将破坏国际经贸秩序的稳定运行。对此,我国应质疑“市场扭曲”标准的WTO合规性,针对欧盟“市场扭曲”标准带来的示范效应建立预警机制,通过国企改革进一步增强企业竞争水平,积极参与全球治理体系改革,做好防范与应对。

In May 2021,the European Commission has released a Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Foreign Subsidies Distorting the Internal Market,which reflects the new development of its“market distortion”criterion and indicates EU’s attitude on innovating protective trade policy and strengthening trade defence instrument(TDI).The evolvement of“market distortion”criterion has reflected two developments in EU’s TDI:a transition from China’s WTO-plus obligation to general trade remedy rules;a transplant from anti-dumping standard to anti-subsidy standard.The EU’s promotion of“market distortion”criterion not only impede China’s foreign investment,but also undermine the stable operation of global economic and trade order.In this regard,China should challenge the consistency between the“market distortion”criterion and the WTO principle,establish an early warning mechanism for the demonstration effect of the EU’s“market distortion”criterion,improve the enterprises’competition level through the reform of state-owned enterprises,and actively participate in the reform of the global governance system to deal with the development of“market distortion”criterion.