叶绿体及其逆行信号研究进展

Research progress of chloroplasts and their retrograde signal transduction

植物和藻类能够通过叶绿体进行光合作用并将光能转化为生物可利用的化学能。叶绿体也是合成脂肪酸、维生素和氨基酸等必需化合物的主要细胞器。因此,叶绿体的正确形成和行使功能对于植物和藻类的生长和发育至关重要。叶绿体是植物细胞所特有的半自主性细胞器,含有独立的核外基因组且基因组中包含很多功能基因,这些基因表达对叶绿体行使功能至关重要。研究表明,叶绿体还可以通过逆行信号来调控植物核基因表达,从而协调植物的生长和发育及其对环境胁迫的响应。本文总结了叶绿体发育、叶绿体逆行信号转导及其在植物发育和逆境胁迫响应中的作用。

Plants and algae use chloroplasts to convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.The chloroplast is also a main organelle to synthesize essential compounds including fatty acids,vitamins,and amino acids.Thus,correct formation and functioning of chloroplasts are essential for plant growth and development.Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous organelles that are specific to plant cells.In addition,chloroplasts have an independent extra-nuclear genome,which contain many functional genes.The expression of these genes is essential for the function performed by chloroplasts.It has been shown that chloroplasts can regulate the expression of plant nuclear genes through retrograde signals,thereby coordinating the development and the adaptation to the environment or stresses of plants.This article summarizes the chloroplast development,chloroplast retrograde signaling and the role of retrograde signaling in plant development and response to stress.